{"id":628,"date":"2026-06-13T12:03:19","date_gmt":"2026-06-13T12:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xronos.info\/?page_id=628"},"modified":"2026-06-13T12:03:19","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T12:03:19","slug":"burjua-islahatlari","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/xronos.info\/?page_id=628","title":{"rendered":"Burjua islahatlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"promo-banner\">\n    <div class=\"promo-content\">\n        <span class=\"promo-badge\">YEN\u0130<\/span>\n        <span>Tarix f\u0259nni \u00fczr\u0259 elektron resurslar toplusu istifad\u0259nizd\u0259dir.<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/xronos.info\/?page_id=80\" class=\"promo-btn\">\u018ftrafl\u0131 tan\u0131\u015f ol<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"premium-quiz-container\">\n    <div class=\"quiz-top-bar\">\n        <h2>\u00dcmumi S\u0131naq \u0130mtahan\u0131<\/h2>\n        <div id=\"quiz-scale\" class=\"quiz-scale\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"quiz-content\" class=\"quiz-content\">\n        <h3 id=\"question-text\" class=\"question-text\"><\/h3>\n        <div id=\"options-container\" class=\"options-container\"><\/div>\n        <div id=\"explanation-container\" class=\"explanation-container\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"quiz-results\" class=\"quiz-results\" style=\"display: none;\">\n        <h3>\u0130mtahan N\u0259tic\u0259si<\/h3>\n        <div class=\"score-circle\">\n            <span id=\"score-text\">0\/0<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <p>Yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 \u015fkaladan suallar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 klikl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k d\u00fczg\u00fcn cavablara v\u0259 izahlara baxa bil\u0259rsiniz.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"quiz-navigation\">\n        <button id=\"btn-prev\" class=\"nav-btn\" onclick=\"prevQuestion()\">\u2190 Geri<\/button>\n        <button id=\"btn-next\" class=\"nav-btn btn-primary\" onclick=\"nextQuestion()\">\u0130r\u0259li \u2192<\/button>\n        <button id=\"btn-finish\" class=\"nav-btn btn-finish\" style=\"display:none;\" onclick=\"finishQuiz()\">N\u0259tic\u0259ni G\u00f6st\u0259r<\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"quiz-footer\">\n        M\u00fc\u0259llif: R\u0259sul Mirz\u0259yev\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"bottom-banners\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/994559339283?text=Salam,%2030%20%C9%99d%C9%99d%20premium%20s%C4%B1naq%20%C9%99ld%C9%99%20etm%C9%99k%20ist%C9%99yir%C9%99m.\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"action-banner premium-banner\">\n        <div class=\"banner-icon\">\n            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\" width=\"28\" height=\"28\"><path d=\"M17.472 14.382c-.297-.149-1.758-.867-2.03-.967-.273-.099-.471-.148-.67.15-.197.297-.767.966-.94 1.164-.173.199-.347.223-.644.075-.297-.15-1.255-.463-2.39-1.475-.883-.788-1.48-1.761-1.653-2.059-.173-.297-.018-.458.13-.606.134-.133.298-.347.446-.52.149-.174.198-.298.298-.497.099-.198.05-.371-.025-.52-.075-.149-.669-1.612-.916-2.207-.242-.579-.487-.5-.669-.51a12.8 12.8 0 0 0-.57-.01c-.198 0-.52.074-.792.372-.272.297-1.04 1.016-1.04 2.479 0 1.462 1.065 2.875 1.213 3.074.149.198 2.096 3.2 5.077 4.487.709.306 1.262.489 1.694.625.712.227 1.36.195 1.871.118.571-.085 1.758-.719 2.006-1.413.248-.694.248-1.289.173-1.413-.074-.124-.272-.198-.57-.347m-5.421 7.403h-.004a9.87 9.87 0 0 1-5.031-1.378l-.361-.214-3.741.982.998-3.648-.235-.374a9.86 9.86 0 0 1-1.51-5.26c.001-5.45 4.436-9.884 9.888-9.884 2.64 0 5.122 1.03 6.988 2.898a9.825 9.825 0 0 1 2.893 6.994c-.003 5.45-4.437 9.884-9.885 9.884m8.413-18.297A11.815 11.815 0 0 0 12.05 0C5.495 0 .16 5.335.157 11.892c0 2.096.547 4.142 1.588 5.945L.057 24l6.305-1.654a11.882 11.882 0 0 0 5.683 1.448h.005c6.554 0 11.89-5.335 11.893-11.893a11.821 11.821 0 0 0-3.48-8.413z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n        <\/div>\n        <span>Bu tipd\u0259 olan 30 \u0259d\u0259d premium s\u0131naqlar\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn klik edin.<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n\n    <a href=\"BURAYA_QURUP_LINKINI_YAZIN\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"action-banner group-banner\">\n        <div class=\"banner-icon\">\n            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\" width=\"28\" height=\"28\"><path d=\"M17.472 14.382c-.297-.149-1.758-.867-2.03-.967-.273-.099-.471-.148-.67.15-.197.297-.767.966-.94 1.164-.173.199-.347.223-.644.075-.297-.15-1.255-.463-2.39-1.475-.883-.788-1.48-1.761-1.653-2.059-.173-.297-.018-.458.13-.606.134-.133.298-.347.446-.52.149-.174.198-.298.298-.497.099-.198.05-.371-.025-.52-.075-.149-.669-1.612-.916-2.207-.242-.579-.487-.5-.669-.51a12.8 12.8 0 0 0-.57-.01c-.198 0-.52.074-.792.372-.272.297-1.04 1.016-1.04 2.479 0 1.462 1.065 2.875 1.213 3.074.149.198 2.096 3.2 5.077 4.487.709.306 1.262.489 1.694.625.712.227 1.36.195 1.871.118.571-.085 1.758-.719 2.006-1.413.248-.694.248-1.289.173-1.413-.074-.124-.272-.198-.57-.347m-5.421 7.403h-.004a9.87 9.87 0 0 1-5.031-1.378l-.361-.214-3.741.982.998-3.648-.235-.374a9.86 9.86 0 0 1-1.51-5.26c.001-5.45 4.436-9.884 9.888-9.884 2.64 0 5.122 1.03 6.988 2.898a9.825 9.825 0 0 1 2.893 6.994c-.003 5.45-4.437 9.884-9.885 9.884m8.413-18.297A11.815 11.815 0 0 0 12.05 0C5.495 0 .16 5.335.157 11.892c0 2.096.547 4.142 1.588 5.945L.057 24l6.305-1.654a11.882 11.882 0 0 0 5.683 1.448h.005c6.554 0 11.89-5.335 11.893-11.893a11.821 11.821 0 0 0-3.48-8.413z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n        <\/div>\n        <span>WhatsApp qrupumuza qo\u015fulmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn klik edin.<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n    :root {\n        --primary: #2563eb;\n        --primary-hover: #1d4ed8;\n        --answered: #22c55e;\n        --skipped: #ef4444;\n        --unseen: #e5e7eb;\n        --bg: #ffffff;\n        --text: #1f2937;\n        --border: #e5e7eb;\n    }\n\n    \/* --- Dinamik Banner Stili --- *\/\n    .promo-banner {\n        max-width: 800px;\n        margin: 2rem auto 1rem auto;\n        background: linear-gradient(270deg, #1e3a8a, #4f46e5, #9333ea, #3b82f6);\n        background-size: 300% 300%;\n        animation: gradientBG 8s ease infinite;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        border-radius: 16px;\n        padding: 16px 24px;\n        display: flex;\n        justify-content: space-between;\n        align-items: center;\n        box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(79, 70, 229, 0.25);\n        font-family: 'Segoe UI', system-ui, sans-serif;\n        box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n\n    @keyframes gradientBG {\n        0% { background-position: 0% 50%; }\n        50% { background-position: 100% 50%; }\n        100% { background-position: 0% 50%; }\n    }\n\n    .promo-content {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        gap: 15px;\n        font-size: 15px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        line-height: 1.5;\n    }\n\n    .promo-badge {\n        background: #fef08a;\n        color: #b45309;\n        padding: 4px 10px;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        font-size: 12px;\n        font-weight: 800;\n        text-transform: uppercase;\n        letter-spacing: 0.5px;\n        animation: pulseBadge 2s infinite;\n        white-space: nowrap;\n    }\n\n    @keyframes pulseBadge {\n        0% { transform: scale(1); }\n        50% { transform: scale(1.08); }\n        100% { transform: scale(1); }\n    }\n\n    .promo-btn {\n        background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);\n        border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);\n        color: #ffffff;\n        padding: 10px 20px;\n        border-radius: 10px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        text-decoration: none;\n        transition: all 0.3s ease;\n        white-space: nowrap;\n    }\n\n    .promo-btn:hover {\n        background: #ffffff;\n        color: #1e3a8a;\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .promo-banner {\n            flex-direction: column;\n            text-align: center;\n            gap: 15px;\n        }\n        .promo-content {\n            flex-direction: column;\n            gap: 10px;\n        }\n    }\n    \/* --- Banner Stili Sonu --- *\/\n\n    \/* --- WhatsApp Bannerl\u0259rin Stili --- *\/\n    .bottom-banners {\n        max-width: 800px;\n        margin: 1rem auto 2rem auto;\n        display: flex;\n        flex-direction: column;\n        gap: 15px;\n        font-family: 'Segoe UI', system-ui, sans-serif;\n    }\n\n    .action-banner {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        background: #25D366;\n        color: #ffffff;\n        text-decoration: none;\n        padding: 15px 24px;\n        border-radius: 16px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        font-size: 16px;\n        box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(37, 211, 102, 0.3);\n        transition: all 0.3s ease;\n    }\n\n    .action-banner:hover {\n        transform: translateY(-3px);\n        box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(37, 211, 102, 0.4);\n        color: #ffffff;\n    }\n\n    .group-banner {\n        background: #128C7E;\n        box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(18, 140, 126, 0.3);\n    }\n\n    .group-banner:hover {\n        box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(18, 140, 126, 0.4);\n    }\n\n    .banner-icon {\n        margin-right: 15px;\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: center;\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .action-banner {\n            font-size: 14px;\n            padding: 12px 16px;\n        }\n        .banner-icon {\n            margin-right: 10px;\n        }\n    }\n    \/* --- WhatsApp Bannerl\u0259rin Stili Sonu --- *\/\n\n    #premium-quiz-container {\n        font-family: 'Segoe UI', system-ui, sans-serif;\n        max-width: 800px;\n        margin: 0 auto;\n        background: var(--bg);\n        border-radius: 16px;\n        box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\n        border: 1px solid var(--border);\n        overflow: hidden;\n        color: var(--text);\n    }\n\n    .quiz-top-bar {\n        background: #f8fafc;\n        padding: 1.5rem;\n        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);\n    }\n\n    .quiz-top-bar h2 {\n        margin: 0 0 1rem 0;\n        font-size: 1.25rem;\n        color: var(--text);\n        text-align: center;\n    }\n\n    .quiz-scale {\n        display: flex;\n        flex-wrap: wrap;\n        gap: 6px;\n        justify-content: center;\n    }\n\n    .scale-btn {\n        width: 32px;\n        height: 32px;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        border: none;\n        background: var(--unseen);\n        color: #4b5563;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        font-size: 0.85rem;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: all 0.2s;\n    }\n\n    .scale-btn:hover {\n        transform: translateY(-2px);\n    }\n\n    .scale-btn.active {\n        box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #fff, 0 0 0 4px var(--primary);\n    }\n\n    .scale-btn.viewed { background: var(--skipped); color: white; }\n    .scale-btn.answered { background: var(--answered); color: white; }\n    .scale-btn.correct-ans { background: var(--answered); color: white; }\n    .scale-btn.wrong-ans { background: var(--skipped); color: white; }\n\n    .quiz-content { padding: 2rem; min-height: 300px; }\n    \n    .question-text {\n        font-size: 1.15rem;\n        line-height: 1.6;\n        margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\n        white-space: pre-line;\n    }\n\n    .options-container { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }\n\n    .option-label {\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        padding: 1rem;\n        border: 2px solid var(--border);\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: all 0.2s;\n    }\n\n    .option-label:hover { border-color: var(--primary); background: #eff6ff; }\n    \n    .option-label input { margin-right: 15px; transform: scale(1.2); cursor: pointer; }\n    \n    .option-label.selected {\n        border-color: var(--primary);\n        background: #eff6ff;\n    }\n\n    .option-label.correct {\n        border-color: var(--answered);\n        background: #f0fdf4;\n    }\n\n    .option-label.wrong {\n        border-color: var(--skipped);\n        background: #fef2f2;\n    }\n\n    .explanation-container {\n        margin-top: 1.5rem;\n        padding: 1rem;\n        background: #fef3c7;\n        border-left: 4px solid #f59e0b;\n        border-radius: 4px;\n        font-size: 0.95rem;\n        line-height: 1.5;\n    }\n\n    .quiz-navigation {\n        display: flex;\n        justify-content: space-between;\n        padding: 1.5rem 2rem;\n        border-top: 1px solid var(--border);\n        background: #f8fafc;\n    }\n\n    .nav-btn {\n        padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;\n        border: none;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: 0.2s;\n        background: #e2e8f0;\n        color: #475569;\n    }\n\n    .nav-btn:hover { background: #cbd5e1; }\n    \n    .nav-btn.btn-primary { background: var(--primary); color: white; }\n    .nav-btn.btn-primary:hover { background: var(--primary-hover); }\n    \n    .nav-btn.btn-finish { background: var(--answered); color: white; margin-left: auto; }\n    .nav-btn.btn-finish:hover { background: #16a34a; }\n\n    .quiz-results { text-align: center; padding: 3rem 2rem; }\n    .score-circle {\n        width: 120px; height: 120px;\n        border-radius: 50%; background: #eff6ff;\n        border: 4px solid var(--primary);\n        display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n        margin: 1rem auto; font-size: 2rem; font-weight: bold; color: var(--primary);\n    }\n\n    .quiz-footer {\n        text-align: right;\n        padding: 1rem 2rem;\n        font-size: 0.85rem;\n        color: #64748b;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        background: #fff;\n        border-top: 1px solid var(--border);\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\n\n\nconst quizData = [\n  {\n    \"q\": \"1. Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra yaranm\u0131\u015f tarixi \u015f\u0259raitin v\u0259 islahatlar\u0131n xronoloji inki\u015faf ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edin:\\n1. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u00fclki v\u0259 cinay\u0259t i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 baxan, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fcmumi olan yeni m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131\\n2. C\u0259nubi Qafqaz (\u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan) sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rinin m\u00fclk\u0259dara biyar m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259ti \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259sinin pul m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv edilm\u0259si\\n3. Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259ki ac\u0131nacaql\u0131 m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259tin t\u0259hkim\u00e7ilik rejiminin \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcbut etm\u0259si\\n4. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin sahibkarlardan torpaqlar\u0131 alark\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131 almalar\u0131 (h\u00fcququnun t\u0259tbiqi)\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 3, 1, 2, 4\",\n      \"B) 1, 3, 2, 4\",\n      \"C) 3, 2, 1, 4\",\n      \"D) 1, 2, 3, 4\",\n      \"E) 3, 1, 4, 2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: \u0130lk olaraq Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 (1853-1856) Rusiya m\u0259\u011flub oldu v\u0259 islahat z\u0259rur\u0259ti yarand\u0131 (3). 1866-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131 ke\u00e7irildi (1). 1870-ci il \u018fsasnam\u0259si il\u0259 biyar pul m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv edildi (2). 1913-c\u00fc ild\u0259 is\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 torpaq sat\u0131n almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131 verilm\u0259sin\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131 (4).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"2. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f burjua islahatlar\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n spesifik m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131ndak\u0131 uy\u011funlu\u011fu tap\u0131n:\\n1. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131\\n2. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131\\n3. K\u0259ndli islahat\u0131\\na. \u0130craedici orqan\u0131n s\u0259drinin m\u00fctl\u0259q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 xristian olmas\u0131 v\u0259 qanunverici orqanda m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n say\u0131na 50 faizlik limitin qoyulmas\u0131\\nb. \u00dcmumimperiyadan f\u0259rqli olaraq, C\u0259nubi Qafqazda andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar institutunun t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259m\u0259si\\nc. Yaln\u0131z sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin\u0259 \u015famil olunmas\u0131 v\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n 1\/3-nin m\u00fclk\u0259dar\u0131n xeyrin\u0259 m\u00fcsadir\u0259 edil\u0259 bilm\u0259si (k\u0259silm\u0259si)\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c\",\n      \"B) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c\",\n      \"C) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b\",\n      \"D) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a\",\n      \"E) 1-a, 2-c, 3-b\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: 1866-c\u0131 il m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259ti C\u0259nubi Qafqazda andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin yarad\u0131lmamas\u0131 idi (1-b). \u015e\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131nda (Duma) m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara 50% limit qoyulur v\u0259 \u0130dar\u0259 s\u0259dri xristian olmal\u0131 idi (2-a). 1870 k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131 is\u0259 yaln\u0131z sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin\u0259 aid idi v\u0259 1\/3 k\u0259sik torpaq h\u00fcququ verirdi (3-c).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"3. XIX y\u00fczilliyin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda M\u0259rk\u0259zi Rusiyada (1861) v\u0259 XX y\u00fczilliyin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 (1913) \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131n\u0131n icras\u0131 prosesini birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n ortaq, m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi tarixi amil n\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) H\u0259r iki islahatda k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fclk\u0259dardan torpaq sat\u0131n alark\u0259n birba\u015fa d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n (kreditin) g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si\",\n      \"B) K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin b\u00fct\u00fcn vergil\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rind\u0259n d\u0259rhal azad edilm\u0259si\",\n      \"C) K\u0259nd icmas\u0131n\u0131n tamamil\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv edil\u0259r\u0259k x\u00fcsusi m\u00fclkiyy\u0259tin b\u0259rq\u0259rar olunmas\u0131\",\n      \"D) H\u0259r ikisind\u0259 qol\u00e7omaq t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sinin l\u0259\u011fv edilm\u0259si\",\n      \"E) H\u0259r iki islahat\u0131n eyni ild\u0259 v\u0259 tam b\u0259rab\u0259r h\u00fcquqlarla t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259si\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: M\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259 qeyd olunur ki, \\\"1861-ci ild\u0259 M\u0259rk\u0259zi Rusiyada v\u0259 1913-c\u00fc ild\u0259 is\u0259 \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda k\u0259ndlil\u0259r sahibkarlardan torpaqlar\u0131 alark\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131 alm\u0131\u015flar\\\".\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"4. XIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Rusiyan\u0131n hakim dair\u0259l\u0259rinin burjua islahatlar\u0131 (o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131) ke\u00e7irm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259lm\u0259sini \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndir\u0259n iqtisadi v\u0259 h\u0259rbi-siyasi s\u0259b\u0259b-n\u0259tic\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259si hans\u0131d\u0131r?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) S\u0259b\u0259b: Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 (1853-1856) Rusiyan\u0131n ac\u0131nacaql\u0131 m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259ti, h\u0259rbi-texniki v\u0259 s\u0259naye geriliyinin \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131. N\u0259tic\u0259: T\u0259hkim\u00e7ilik rejiminin \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcbut olunmas\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan s\u0259nayenin azad i\u015f\u00e7i q\u00fcvv\u0259sin\u0259 yaranan k\u0259skin ehtiyac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6d\u0259nilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 islahatlara ba\u015flan\u0131lmas\u0131.\",\n      \"B) S\u0259b\u0259b: \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda neft bumu n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259halinin qalmamas\u0131. N\u0259tic\u0259: \u00c7arizmin k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0259ndlil\u0259ri yenid\u0259n torpa\u011fa t\u0259hkim etm\u0259si.\",\n      \"C) S\u0259b\u0259b: \u00c7ar ordusunun Qafqaz m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259\u011flub olmas\u0131. N\u0259tic\u0259: Qafqazda x\u00fcsusi muxtariyy\u0259t sisteminin t\u0259tbiqi v\u0259 \u015e\u0259h\u0259r dumalar\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131.\",\n      \"D) S\u0259b\u0259b: Yerli b\u0259yl\u0259rin (ali m\u00fcs\u0259lman silkinin) \u00e7arizm\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u00fcsyan qald\u0131rmas\u0131. N\u0259tic\u0259: B\u00fct\u00fcn b\u0259y torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rhal m\u00fcsadir\u0259 edil\u0259r\u0259k k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 pulsuz paylanmas\u0131.\",\n      \"E) S\u0259b\u0259b: M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 karg\u00fczarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n rus dilind\u0259 apar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan imtina edilm\u0259si. N\u0259tic\u0259: V\u0259kil institutunun l\u0259\u011fv edilm\u0259si.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259ki m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t Rusiyan\u0131n h\u0259rbi-s\u0259naye c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n geri qald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, t\u0259hkim\u00e7iliyin (icbari \u0259m\u0259yin) is\u0259 s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259sizliyini s\u00fcbut etdi. Azad i\u015f\u00e7i q\u00fcvv\u0259sin\u0259 ehtiyac d\u0259rk olundu v\u0259 burjua islahatlar\u0131 (feodalizmin l\u0259\u011fvi add\u0131mlar\u0131) ba\u015flad\u0131.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"5. T\u0259qdim edilmi\u015f Eyler-Venn diaqram\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda k\u0259ndin sosial t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil olan Qol\u00e7omaqlar (varl\u0131 k\u0259ndlil\u0259r) v\u0259 Muzdurlar (muzdlu i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259r) \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn k\u0259si\u015f\u0259n c\u0259h\u0259ti (III) tap\u0131n:\\n1. Qol\u00e7omaqlar\\n2. Muzdurlar\\nIII. K\u0259si\u015fm\u0259\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1. \u00d6z pay torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131b z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259m\u0259yini istismar ed\u0259n t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdil\u0259r; 2. Torpaqs\u0131zl\u0131qdan v\u0259 yoxsulluqdan \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fclk\u0259dar v\u0259 qol\u00e7omaq t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olmu\u015fdular; III. H\u0259r ikisi 1870-ci il k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131ndan sonra Az\u0259rbaycan k\u0259ndind\u0259 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259nin (kapitalist m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin formala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n) n\u0259tic\u0259si olaraq yaranm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f k\u0259ndli qruplar\u0131d\u0131r.\",\n      \"B) 1. Yaln\u0131z x\u0259zin\u0259 torpaqlar\u0131nda ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar; 2. Yaln\u0131z v\u0259qf torpaqlar\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259yirdil\u0259r; III. H\u0259r ikisi \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli\\\" statusdan azad edilmi\u015fdi.\",\n      \"C) 1. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r Dumas\u0131nda s\u0259sverm\u0259 h\u00fcququna malik deyildil\u0259r; 2. Dumaya birba\u015fa s\u0259dr se\u00e7ilirdil\u0259r; III. H\u0259r ikisi \u015f\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hsulu idi.\",\n      \"D) 1. Biyar \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n azad idil\u0259r; 2. Biyar \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 davam edirdil\u0259r; III. H\u0259r ikisi h\u0259rbi xidm\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.\",\n      \"E) 1. H\u00fcquqi savada malik olub v\u0259kil i\u015fl\u0259yirdil\u0259r; 2. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 hakimi idil\u0259r; III. H\u0259r ikisi rus t\u0259hsili alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: \u0130slahatdan sonra k\u0259ndd\u0259 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259ndi. Ortabab k\u0259ndlil\u0259r torpaq al\u0131b qol\u00e7omaq oldu (1). Aztorpaql\u0131lar is\u0259 muzdura (muzdlu i\u015f\u00e7iy\u0259) \u00e7evrildil\u0259r (2). H\u0259r ikisi Az\u0259rbaycan k\u0259ndind\u0259 kapitalist m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259si idi (III).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"6. C\u0259dv\u0259l m\u0259ntiqi: 1866-c\u0131 il m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 sistemind\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015f m\u00fcsb\u0259t (m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi) v\u0259 m\u0259nfi (m\u0259hdud) c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u00fczg\u00fcn qrupla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131n.\\n1. M\u00fcsb\u0259t c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259r\\n2. M\u0259nfi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259r\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1 - \u0130claslar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131q ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si, v\u0259kill\u0259rin i\u015ftirak\u0131na icaz\u0259 verilm\u0259si, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fcmumi m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin yaranmas\u0131; 2 - Hakiml\u0259rin yerli \u0259halid\u0259n (m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlardan) t\u0259yin edilm\u0259m\u0259si, karg\u00fczarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaln\u0131z rus dilind\u0259 olmas\u0131, andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar institutunun olmamas\u0131.\",\n      \"B) 1 - M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin k\u0259bin-talaq i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 baxmas\u0131; 2 - V\u0259kill\u0259rin yaln\u0131z ruslardan ibar\u0259t olmas\u0131.\",\n      \"C) 1 - Hakiml\u0259rin se\u00e7kili olmas\u0131; 2 - M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 iclaslar\u0131n\u0131n gizli ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"D) 1 - Ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131; 2 - T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin l\u0259\u011fv edilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"E) 1 - \u015e\u0259ri\u0259t qaydalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259rpa edilm\u0259si; 2 - M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rin m\u0259rk\u0259zi Rusiyaya k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: \u0130slahat\u0131n m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259fi a\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259, v\u0259kil institutu v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn z\u00fcmr\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fcmumilik idi (1). M\u0259nfi t\u0259r\u0259fi is\u0259 hakiml\u0259rin rus\/xristian olmas\u0131, andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n olmamas\u0131, dil problemi v\u0259 yerli \u0259halinin hakim olmas\u0131na icaz\u0259 verilm\u0259m\u0259si idi (2).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"7. Bloksxemd\u0259ki tarixi prosesi tamamlay\u0131n:\\n*1866-c\u0131 il islahat\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259kill\u0259rin (m\u00fcdafi\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin) i\u015ftirak\u0131na icaz\u0259 verilm\u0259si*\\n\u2794 *Yerli \u0259halinin (m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n) hakim olmas\u0131na qoyulan qada\u011fa*\\n\u2794 *H\u00fcquq t\u0259hsili alm\u0131\u015f ziyal\u0131 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 g\u0259ncl\u0259rin m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 sistemind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 c\u0259lb olunma yollar\u0131 axtarmas\u0131*\\n\u2794 *?*\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fov v\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li xan Xoyski kimi h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslar\u0131n v\u0259kil kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k, haqs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa v\u0259 \u015f\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalan m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259si v\u0259 t\u0259miz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarmas\u0131.\",\n      \"B) B\u00fct\u00fcn g\u0259ncl\u0259rin d\u0259rhal h\u00fcquq t\u0259hsilind\u0259n imtina ed\u0259r\u0259k qol\u00e7omaq t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131na qo\u015fulmas\u0131.\",\n      \"C) \u00c7arizmin q\u0259rar\u0131ndan d\u00f6n\u0259r\u0259k F\u0259t\u0259li xan Xoyskini Qafqaz\u0131n ba\u015f hakimi t\u0259yin etm\u0259si.\",\n      \"D) V\u0259kill\u0259rin M\u0259rk\u0259zi Rusiyada andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131 kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131.\",\n      \"E) M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \\\"\u018fkin\u00e7i\\\" q\u0259zetinin qada\u011fan olunmas\u0131.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Hakiml\u0259rin rus olmas\u0131 v\u0259 yerlil\u0259r\u0259 qada\u011fa qoyulmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n, Rusiya universitetl\u0259rind\u0259 h\u00fcquq oxumu\u015f ziyal\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z (Top\u00e7uba\u015fov, Xoyski v\u0259 b.) ancaq v\u0259kil kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir v\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259halisini m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u015f\u0259r-b\u00f6htandan m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edirdil\u0259r.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"8. Xronoloji ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 qurun:\\n1. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r dumalar\u0131na se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259 milli v\u0259 dini m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin (xristianlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn) h\u00fcquqi bax\u0131mdan q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 minm\u0259si (\u015e\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi)\\n2. Qafqazda (\u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda) andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar institutu istisna olmaqla, \u00fcmumimperiya m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 sisteminin f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flamas\u0131\\n3. M\u0259rk\u0259zi Rusiyada k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131n\u0131n realla\u015fmas\u0131\\n4. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rinin m\u00fclk\u0259darla m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 biyar\u0131n pul m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 l\u0259\u011fvini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan islahat s\u0259n\u0259dinin q\u0259bulu\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 3, 2, 4, 1\",\n      \"B) 2, 3, 1, 4\",\n      \"C) 4, 3, 2, 1\",\n      \"D) 3, 4, 2, 1\",\n      \"E) 1, 2, 3, 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: M\u0259rk\u0259zi Rusiyada k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131 - 1861 (3). \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131 - 1866 (2). K\u0259ndli (aqrar) islahat\u0131 (\u018fsasnam\u0259) - 1870 (4). \u015e\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131 (\u018fsasnam\u0259si) - ondan sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u0259 aiddir (xronoloji ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131qda \u0259n son - Rusiya imperiyas\u0131nda 1870, Qafqazda 1878-d\u0259n t\u0259tbiq olunub, m\u0259tnd\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 bu reformlar\u0131n silsil\u0259sinin son halqas\u0131 kimi verilir).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"9. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcidar\u0259 sistemind\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan sosial, milli v\u0259 cinsi diskriminasiyaya dair verilmi\u015f m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n hans\u0131 uy\u011funsuzlu\u011fu (faktoloji x\u0259tan\u0131) \u0259ks etdirir?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259 25 ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmam\u0131\u015f ki\u015fil\u0259r i\u015ftirak ed\u0259 bilm\u0259zdil\u0259r.\",\n      \"B) Se\u00e7ki h\u00fcququ qazanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259h\u0259r vergil\u0259rini \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etdiyi \u0259mlaka malik olmaq t\u0259l\u0259b edilirdi.\",\n      \"C) \u015e\u0259h\u0259r Dumas\u0131na se\u00e7il\u0259nl\u0259rin m\u00fctl\u0259q \u00e7oxlu\u011fu (80%-i) m\u00fcs\u0259lman olmal\u0131, xristianlara is\u0259 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259t qoyulmal\u0131 idi.\",\n      \"D) F\u0259hl\u0259l\u0259r, x\u0131rda qulluq\u00e7ular, s\u0259n\u0259tkarlar, ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti v\u0259 qad\u0131nlar s\u0259sverm\u0259 h\u00fcququndan m\u0259hrum idil\u0259r.\",\n      \"E) \u015e\u0259h\u0259r Dumas\u0131n\u0131n icraedici orqan\u0131 olan \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u0130dar\u0259sinin s\u0259dri m\u00fctl\u0259q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 xristian olmal\u0131 idi.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 2,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: S\u0259hv c\u0259h\u0259t (uy\u011funsuzluq) C b\u0259ndind\u0259dir. \u00c7\u00fcnki qanuna g\u00f6r\u0259 milli v\u0259 dini ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik var idi: \u015e\u0259h\u0259r Dumas\u0131na se\u00e7il\u0259nl\u0259rin yaln\u0131z 50 faizi m\u00fcs\u0259lman ola bil\u0259rdi (m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259t xristianlara deyil, m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara qoyulmu\u015fdu).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"10. S\u0259b\u0259b-n\u0259tic\u0259 qanunauy\u011funlu\u011funu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edin:\\nS\u0259b\u0259b: \u00c7ar m\u0259murlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 yerli \u0259halinin \u0259srl\u0259r boyu formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almamas\u0131 v\u0259 \u015fahid ifad\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 deyil, yaln\u0131z yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 istinad etm\u0259si.\\nN\u0259tic\u0259: ?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rin yaln\u0131z s\u0259n\u0259d t\u0259l\u0259b etm\u0259si savads\u0131z \u0259halinin, x\u00fcsus\u0259n k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin \u0259dal\u0259tsizliy\u0259 v\u0259 haqs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011framas\u0131na, torpaq v\u0259 \u0259mlak m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259\u011flub olmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olurdu.\",\n      \"B) Yerli \u0259halinin ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 rus m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 ax\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131.\",\n      \"C) \u015e\u0259ri\u0259t m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rinin b\u00fct\u00fcn q\u0259za v\u0259 quberniyalarda l\u0259\u011fv olunmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.\",\n      \"D) B\u0259y v\u0259 a\u011falar\u0131n m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 s\u0259drl\u0259rin\u0259 r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t verm\u0259sini tamamil\u0259 dayand\u0131rd\u0131.\",\n      \"E) K\u0259ndlil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar institunun m\u0259cburi yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259bin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: \u018fhalinin (x\u00fcsus\u0259n k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin) b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti savads\u0131z idi v\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri olmurdu. Hakiml\u0259r ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 \u015fahidl\u0259ri q\u0259bul etm\u0259diyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 haqs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa v\u0259 h\u00fcquqsuzlu\u011fa m\u0259ruz qal\u0131rd\u0131.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"11. Ortaq x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r: XIX y\u00fczilliyin 60-70-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259 \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f k\u0259ndli, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r islahatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmumi, fundamental (sinfi v\u0259 imperialist) s\u0259ciyy\u0259si n\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) B\u00fct\u00fcn islahatlar\u0131n tamamil\u0259 t\u0259m\u0259nnas\u0131z olaraq v\u0259 he\u00e7 bir f\u0259rq qoyulmadan \u0259halinin b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rinin xeyrin\u0259 h\u0259ll edilm\u0259sind\u0259n\",\n      \"B) \u0130slahatlar\u0131n burjua xarakteri da\u015f\u0131yaraq \u00f6lk\u0259ni kapitalizm yoluna \u00e7\u0131xarmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7i ruhda olmas\u0131, yerli (m\u00fcs\u0259lman-t\u00fcrk) \u0259haliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin, ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliyin t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259sind\u0259n\",\n      \"C) H\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7 islahat\u0131n yaln\u0131z x\u0259zin\u0259 (d\u00f6vl\u0259t) \u0259mlak\u0131 hesab\u0131na v\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259n\",\n      \"D) H\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7 islahat\u0131n \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n muxtariyy\u0259tini r\u0259sm\u0259n tan\u0131mas\u0131ndan\",\n      \"E) \u0130slahatlar\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli\\\" d\u00f6vr\u00fcn Rusiya il\u0259 eyni vaxtda ba\u015fa \u00e7atmas\u0131ndan\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Ke\u00e7iril\u0259n islahatlar (k\u0259ndli, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r) burjua xarakterli olub kapitalizm\u0259 ke\u00e7idi s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirs\u0259 d\u0259, onlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7i ruhda idi v\u0259 yerli \u0259haliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 (siyasi, milli, dini, iqtisadi) m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdi.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"12. Eyler-Venn diaqram\u0131nda 1870-ci il islahat\u0131n\u0131n \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan k\u0259ndin\u0259 t\u0259sirini t\u0259hlil ed\u0259rk\u0259n 1-ci (M\u00fcsb\u0259t c\u0259h\u0259t) v\u0259 2-ci (M\u0259nfi c\u0259h\u0259t) hiss\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259l\u0259n b\u0259ndi tap\u0131n:\\n1. M\u00fcsb\u0259t c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri\\n2. M\u0259nfi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1. Biyar\u0131n pul m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv edilm\u0259si v\u0259 ortabab k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin pay torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 alaraq kapitalist m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin yaranmas\u0131; 2. \u0130slahat\u0131n yaln\u0131z sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 etm\u0259si, \\\"k\u0259sik torpaqlar\\\" hesab\u0131na torpaqs\u0131zla\u015fman\u0131n artmas\u0131 v\u0259 \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259t\\\"in 40 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox uzanmas\u0131\",\n      \"B) 1. K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin vergid\u0259n tam azad olunmas\u0131; 2. Qol\u00e7omaqlar\u0131n l\u0259\u011fvi\",\n      \"C) 1. Muzdlu \u0259m\u0259yin qada\u011fan edilm\u0259si; 2. Biyar\u0131n ikiqat art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\",\n      \"D) 1. 5 desyatin torpa\u011f\u0131n pulsuz verilm\u0259si; 2. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r dumas\u0131na se\u00e7ki qada\u011fas\u0131\",\n      \"E) 1. \\\"M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259t\\\"in 1880-ci ild\u0259 bitm\u0259si; 2. Ruslarla eyni h\u00fcquqda olmamalar\u0131\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: \u0130slahat\u0131n burjua xarakteri (biyar\u0131n l\u0259\u011fvi, torpaq almaq imkan\u0131, qol\u00e7omaqlar\u0131n yaranmas\u0131) m\u00fcsb\u0259tdir. Yaln\u0131z sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin\u0259 aid olmas\u0131, 1\/3 k\u0259sik h\u00fcququ, \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259t\\\"in uzunlu\u011fu m\u0259nfi (m\u0259hdud) c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rdir.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"13. M\u0259ntiqi z\u0259nciri davam etdirin:\\n*1870-ci il k\u0259ndli \u018fsasnam\u0259sinin q\u0259bulu*\\n\u2794 *K\u0259nd icmas\u0131nda h\u0259r ki\u015fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan 5 desyatinlik norman\u0131n hesablanmas\u0131*\\n\u2794 *Pay torpa\u011f\u0131 normadan \u00e7ox olduqda m\u00fclk\u0259dara 1\/3 hiss\u0259ni k\u0259sib saxlamaq h\u00fcququnun verilm\u0259si*\\n\u2794 *?*\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Sahibkarlar\u0131n bu h\u00fcquqdan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131, m\u00fcnbit torpaqlar\u0131 \u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259 saxlamalar\u0131, aztorpaql\u0131 v\u0259 torpaqs\u0131z k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131n (v\u0259 naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n) k\u0259skin artmas\u0131\",\n      \"B) K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin h\u0259min art\u0131q torpaqlar\u0131 zorla m\u0259nims\u0259yib \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sind\u0259 udmas\u0131\",\n      \"C) M\u00fclk\u0259darlar\u0131n art\u0131q qalan torpaqlar\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 ver\u0259r\u0259k banklardan kredit almas\u0131\",\n      \"D) K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin 1\/3 torpa\u011f\u0131 m\u0259cburi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 kils\u0259y\u0259 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamas\u0131\",\n      \"E) B\u00fct\u00fcn sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rinin avtomatik olaraq x\u0259zin\u0259 k\u0259ndlisin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: \\\"K\u0259sik torpaqlar\\\" m\u00fclk\u0259darlara imkan verirdi ki, torpa\u011f\u0131n \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 hiss\u0259sini \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrs\u00fcnl\u0259r. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 islahatdan sonra k\u0259ndlil\u0259r aras\u0131nda aztorpaql\u0131 v\u0259 torpaqs\u0131z olanlar\u0131n say\u0131 daha da artd\u0131.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"14. C\u0259dv\u0259l sual\u0131. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi islahatlar\u0131n\u0131n (1860-70-ci ill\u0259r) t\u0259tbiqind\u0259 \u00e7arizmin \u015fovinist (m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7i) siyas\u0259tini s\u00fcbut ed\u0259n r\u0259q\u0259msal v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi faktlar\u0131 se\u00e7in:\\n1. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r Dumas\u0131nda m\u00fcs\u0259lman deputatlar\u0131n say\u0131 50%-i ke\u00e7\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi.\\n2. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u0130dar\u0259sinin s\u0259dri m\u00fctl\u0259q m\u00fcs\u0259lman olmal\u0131 idi.\\n3. Andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259si C\u0259nubi Qafqazda da eynil\u0259 Rusiya kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi.\\n4. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 hakimi yerli \u0259halid\u0259n ola bilm\u0259zdi, o, yaln\u0131z cani\u015fin t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ruslardan\/xristianlardan t\u0259yin olunurdu.\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1, 4\",\n      \"B) 2, 3\",\n      \"C) 1, 3\",\n      \"D) 2, 4\",\n      \"E) 1, 2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: 1-ci fakt (Duma t\u0259rkibinin maksimum 50%-i m\u00fcs\u0259lman) v\u0259 4-c\u00fc fakt (hakiml\u0259rin yaln\u0131z qeyri-yerli\/xristian t\u0259yinat\u0131) \u00e7arizmin m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7i, ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik siyas\u0259tinin d\u0259qiq s\u00fcbutlar\u0131d\u0131r. 2 v\u0259 3-c\u00fc faktlar yanl\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"15. Xronoloji ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131qla g\u00f6st\u0259rin:\\n1. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda (C\u0259nubi Qafqazda) m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 iclaslar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131q ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si v\u0259 v\u0259kill\u0259rin i\u015ftirak\u0131 sistemin\u0259 ke\u00e7ilm\u0259si\\n2. Az\u0259rbaycanda sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin\u0259 pay torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n almaq h\u00fcququnun r\u0259sm\u0259n verilm\u0259si\\n3. Rusiyada s\u0259nayenin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 h\u0259rbi-texniki geriliyin (Kr\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra) burjua islahatlar\u0131n\u0131 qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz etm\u0259si\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 3, 1, 2\",\n      \"B) 1, 2, 3\",\n      \"C) 3, 2, 1\",\n      \"D) 2, 3, 1\",\n      \"E) 1, 3, 2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Kr\u0131m m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259ti v\u0259 s\u0259nayenin inki\u015faf\u0131 (islahatlara z\u0259min) 1850-ci ill\u0259rin sonlar\u0131 (3). M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131 (a\u00e7\u0131q iclaslar, v\u0259kill\u0259r) 1866 (1). K\u0259ndli islahat\u0131 (\u018fsasnam\u0259) 1870 (2).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"16. S\u0259b\u0259b-n\u0259tic\u0259: Niy\u0259 1870-ci il k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan k\u0259ndind\u0259 \u0259sasl\u0131 (radikal) d\u0259yi\u015fiklik yarada bilm\u0259di v\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini naraz\u0131 sald\u0131?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) \u00c7\u00fcnki islahat yaln\u0131z sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin\u0259 aid edilirdi, onlar is\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan k\u0259ndlil\u0259rinin az bir qismini t\u0259\u015fkil edirdil\u0259r, eyni zamanda torpa\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131n almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn v\u0259sait olmamas\u0131 \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259t\\\"i uzun ill\u0259r saxlad\u0131.\",\n      \"B) \u00c7\u00fcnki k\u0259ndlil\u0259r torpa\u011f\u0131 almaqdan k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc imtina ed\u0259r\u0259k ham\u0131s\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259naye fabrikl\u0259rin\u0259 ax\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\",\n      \"C) \u00c7\u00fcnki Qafqaz cani\u015fini bu islahat\u0131n icras\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259rhal dayand\u0131r\u0131b yaln\u0131z erm\u0259ni k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259tbiq etdi.\",\n      \"D) \u00c7\u00fcnki islahat yaln\u0131z d\u00f6vl\u0259t (x\u0259zin\u0259) k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin\u0259 aid edildi v\u0259 b\u0259yl\u0259r buna qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131.\",\n      \"E) \u00c7\u00fcnki k\u0259nd icmas\u0131 l\u0259\u011fv olundu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn k\u0259ndlil\u0259r asanl\u0131qla torpaq al\u0131b d\u0259rhal z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdil\u0259r.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: M\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir ki, islahat Az\u0259rbaycan k\u0259ndind\u0259 \u0259sasl\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fiklik yarada bilm\u0259di, \u00e7\u00fcnki o, yaln\u0131z sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin\u0259 (k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin az bir qismin\u0259) aid edilirdi. H\u0259m\u00e7inin torpaqlar\u0131 ala bilm\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli\\\" qal\u0131rd\u0131lar.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"17. Ox\u015far c\u0259h\u0259t: XIX \u0259srin 60-70-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259ki M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131 (1866) v\u0259 \u015e\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131 (1878) \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda c\u0259miyy\u0259tin hans\u0131 z\u00fcmr\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \\\"qapal\u0131\\\" (v\u0259 ya m\u0259hdud) xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Yaln\u0131z xarici \u00f6lk\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\",\n      \"B) M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 yerli (m\u00fcs\u0259lman) \u0259halinin hakim olmas\u0131na icaz\u0259 verilm\u0259m\u0259si, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r idar\u0259\u00e7iliyind\u0259 is\u0259 f\u0259hl\u0259, s\u0259n\u0259tkar, ziyal\u0131 v\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n s\u0259sverm\u0259 h\u00fcququndan, eyni zamanda m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n icraedici quruma s\u0259drliyind\u0259n m\u0259hrum edilm\u0259si il\u0259\",\n      \"C) H\u0259r iki islahatda qol\u00e7omaqlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fcquqlardan m\u0259hrum edilm\u0259si il\u0259\",\n      \"D) Rus k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259rinin bu prosesl\u0259rd\u0259n k\u0259narda saxlanmas\u0131 il\u0259\",\n      \"E) H\u0259r iki islahatda din xadiml\u0259rinin qeyd-\u015f\u0259rtsiz s\u0259dr t\u0259yin olunmas\u0131 il\u0259\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131 yerli m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara hakimlik h\u00fcququ vermirdi. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131 is\u0259 \u0259mlak\/ya\u015f senzind\u0259n dolay\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri (f\u0259hl\u0259, qad\u0131n, s\u0259n\u0259tkar) k\u0259narda qoyur, eyni zamanda \u0130dar\u0259 s\u0259drinin xristian olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ndirirdi.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"18. Eyler-Venn diaqram\u0131 (Sosial statuslar):\\n1. M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\\n2. Muzdurlar\\nIII. K\u0259si\u015fm\u0259\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1. \u0130slahatdan sonra torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n ala bilm\u0259yib m\u00fclk\u0259dara can v\u0259 ya mal vergisi verm\u0259y\u0259 davam ed\u0259nl\u0259r; 2. Torpaqdan tamamil\u0259 m\u0259hrum olub varl\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlarda muzdlu i\u015f\u00e7i kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar; III. H\u0259r ikisi 1870-ci il k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131n\u0131n g\u0259tirdiyi a\u011f\u0131r kapitalist v\u0259 ya yar\u0131mfeodal \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r alt\u0131nda ya\u015fayan yoxsul v\u0259 \u0259zil\u0259n k\u0259ndli qruplar\u0131d\u0131r.\",\n      \"B) 1. \u00d6z pay torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n alanlard\u0131r; 2. Fabrikl\u0259rd\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259r olanlard\u0131r; III. H\u0259r ikisi burjuaziya sinfin\u0259 aiddir.\",\n      \"C) 1. Rusiyada 40 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n statusda olanlard\u0131r; 2. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 s\u0259drl\u0259ridir; III. H\u0259r ikisi xristian dinin\u0259 m\u0259nsubdur.\",\n      \"D) 1. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r dumas\u0131na se\u00e7il\u0259nl\u0259rdir; 2. Andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lard\u0131r; III. H\u0259r ikisi ali m\u00fcs\u0259lman silkin\u0259 aiddir.\",\n      \"E) 1. Biyardan k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc imtina ed\u0259nl\u0259r; 2. 5 desyatin torpa\u011f\u0131 olanlar; III. H\u0259r ikisi komendant idar\u0259sind\u0259 idi.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: \\\"M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli\\\" k\u0259ndlil\u0259r torpaq ala bilm\u0259yib m\u00fclk\u0259dara as\u0131l\u0131 qalanlard\u0131r. Muzdurlar is\u0259 torpaqs\u0131zla\u015f\u0131b qol\u00e7omaq\/m\u00fclk\u0259dar yan\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259n k\u0259ndlil\u0259rdir. H\u0259r ikisi k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini ya\u015fayan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259dir (III).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"19. M\u0259ntiqi tapmaca: Rusiya imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n C\u0259nubi Qafqazda (\u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda) 1866-c\u0131 il m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131 zaman\u0131 \\\"Andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar\\\" institutunu yaratmaqdan birm\u0259nal\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 imtina etm\u0259sinin \u0259sl siyasi m\u0259qs\u0259di n\u0259 idi?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Yerli \u0259halinin (m\u00fcs\u0259lman-t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin) c\u00fczi d\u0259 olsa qanuni prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 (m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259d\u0259) i\u015ftirak\u0131na v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259t m\u00fchakim\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259rar verm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan yaratmamaq.\",\n      \"B) Andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t x\u0259zin\u0259sin\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck olmas\u0131.\",\n      \"C) Yerli b\u0259yl\u0259rin andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131 kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaqdan k\u00fctl\u0259vi sur\u0259td\u0259 imtina etm\u0259si.\",\n      \"D) \u015e\u0259ri\u0259t m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rinin andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131 funksiyas\u0131n\u0131 onsuz da h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259si.\",\n      \"E) Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259si qaydalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 bel\u0259 bir institutun qada\u011fan olunmas\u0131.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: M\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259 ayd\u0131n \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131b: \\\"\u00c7\u00fcnki Rusiyan\u0131n hakim dair\u0259l\u0259ri yerli \u0259halinin m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259d\u0259, c\u00fczi d\u0259 olsa, i\u015ftirak\u0131na imkan verm\u0259k ist\u0259mirdi\\\". Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259si C\u0259nubi Qafqazda yarad\u0131lmad\u0131.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"20. C\u0259dv\u0259l \u0259sas\u0131nda \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcidar\u0259etm\u0259 (Duma) sistemin\u0259 dair uy\u011funlu\u011fu tap\u0131n:\\n1. Duman\u0131n formala\u015fma prinsipi\\n2. Duman\u0131n m\u00fcsb\u0259t rolu\\n3. Duman\u0131n milli m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259ti\\na. M\u00fcs\u0259lman n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131 50%-i ke\u00e7\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi\\nb. Abadla\u015fd\u0131rma, t\u0259hsil v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 inki\u015fafa t\u0259kan verm\u0259si\\nc. Vergi \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 \u0259mlak\u0131 olan 25 ya\u015fdan yuxar\u0131 ki\u015fil\u0259rin s\u0259sverm\u0259si il\u0259 se\u00e7ilm\u0259si\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a\",\n      \"B) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c\",\n      \"C) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c\",\n      \"D) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b\",\n      \"E) 1-a, 2-c, 3-b\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Duman\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131 25 ya\u015f, \u0259mlak\/vergi senzi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n se\u00e7ki il\u0259 idi (1-c). M\u00fcsb\u0259t rolu t\u0259hsil\/abadl\u0131q idi (2-b). Milli m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259ti is\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara 50% limiti idi (3-a).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"21. Xronoloji s\u0131ran\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edin:\\n1. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda (Rusiya il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 gec olaraq) k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 torpaq almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flanmas\u0131 (1913)\\n2. Rusiyada \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli\\\" m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 son qoyulmas\u0131 (1880-ci ill\u0259r)\\n3. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan k\u0259ndind\u0259 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259ni r\u0259smil\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n k\u0259ndli \u018fsasnam\u0259sinin q\u0259bulu (1870)\\n4. M\u0259rk\u0259zi Rusiyada k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131n\u0131n realla\u015fmas\u0131 (1861)\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 4, 3, 2, 1\",\n      \"B) 4, 2, 3, 1\",\n      \"C) 3, 4, 1, 2\",\n      \"D) 4, 3, 1, 2\",\n      \"E) 3, 1, 4, 2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Rusiya islahat\u0131 (1861) -> Az\u0259rbaycanda islahat (1870) -> Rusiyada as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bitm\u0259si (1880-l\u0259r) -> Az\u0259rbaycanda k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131 edilm\u0259si\/statusun l\u0259\u011fvi add\u0131mlar\u0131 (1913).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"22. S\u0259b\u0259b-n\u0259tic\u0259 c\u00fctl\u00fckl\u0259rind\u0259n hans\u0131 m\u0259ntiqi uy\u011funsuzluq (x\u0259ta) da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) S\u0259b\u0259b: Rusiyada s\u0259nayenin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n azad i\u015f\u00e7i q\u00fcvv\u0259si t\u0259l\u0259b etm\u0259si. N\u0259tic\u0259: T\u0259hkim\u00e7ilik h\u00fcququnun v\u0259 feodal as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n l\u0259\u011fvi istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 islahatlar\u0131n qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz olmas\u0131.\",\n      \"B) S\u0259b\u0259b: \u015e\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131nda \u0259mlak v\u0259 vergi senzinin qoyulmas\u0131. N\u0259tic\u0259: F\u0259hl\u0259, s\u0259n\u0259tkar v\u0259 ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin se\u00e7ki h\u00fcququndan m\u0259hrum qalmas\u0131.\",\n      \"C) S\u0259b\u0259b: Hakiml\u0259rin \u015fahid ifad\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 deyil, yaln\u0131z s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 inanmas\u0131. N\u0259tic\u0259: Savads\u0131z k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259mlaklar\u0131n\u0131, torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 itir\u0259r\u0259k haqs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011framas\u0131.\",\n      \"D) S\u0259b\u0259b: 1870-ci il islahat\u0131n\u0131n ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si. N\u0259tic\u0259: B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin d\u0259rhal m\u00fclk\u0259dar z\u00fclm\u00fcnd\u0259n azad olmas\u0131 v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n inki\u015faf etmi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"E) S\u0259b\u0259b: \u0130slahatdan sonra torpa\u011f\u0131n alq\u0131-satq\u0131 obyektin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si. N\u0259tic\u0259: K\u0259ndlil\u0259r aras\u0131nda t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259nin (qol\u00e7omaq-muzdur) daha da s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259si.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 3,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: D variant\u0131 s\u0259hvdir. 1870-ci il islahat\u0131 k\u0259ndlil\u0259ri d\u0259rhal v\u0259 tam azad etm\u0259di, \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259t\\\" 40 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259kdi, k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin torpaqs\u0131zla\u015fmas\u0131 is\u0259 artd\u0131. \u0130slahat m\u0259hdud idi.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"23. M\u0259ntiqi z\u0259nciri davam etdirin:\\n*Qafqaz\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n adamlar\u0131n m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 iclaslar\u0131n\u0131 dinl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Bak\u0131ya g\u0259lm\u0259si*\\n\u2794 *\u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fov v\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li xan Xoyski kimi v\u0259kill\u0259rin m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks-s\u0259da do\u011furmas\u0131*\\n\u2794 *?*\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Rus-\u015fovinist m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 sistemi qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda haqs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa, \u015f\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 b\u00f6htana m\u0259ruz qalan m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259halinin bu az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 olunaraq \u00e7ox zaman t\u0259miz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131.\",\n      \"B) Bu v\u0259kill\u0259rin d\u0259rhal \u00c7ar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Qafqaz\u0131n ba\u015f hakiml\u0259ri t\u0259yin edilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"C) M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 prosesl\u0259rinin Az\u0259rbaycan dilin\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 s\u0259r\u0259ncam verilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"D) Bak\u0131 quberniyas\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rin l\u0259\u011fv edil\u0259r\u0259k \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qaytar\u0131lmas\u0131.\",\n      \"E) V\u0259kill\u0259rin rus dilini bilm\u0259diyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015fd\u0259n azad olunmas\u0131.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Yerli \u0259hali hakim ola bilm\u0259diyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, universitetl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u00fcquq oxuyan Top\u00e7uba\u015fov v\u0259 Xoyski kimi \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r v\u0259kil kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir, haqs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayan, \u015f\u0259r\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259har\u0259tl\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edib t\u0259miz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131rd\u0131lar.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"24. Ox\u015far x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r: \u00c7ar m\u0259murlar\u0131n\u0131n etiraf\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131n\u0131n imperiyan\u0131n he\u00e7 bir \u0259razisind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 kimi \\\"a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259 \u0259zabl\u0131 olmamas\u0131\\\"n\u0131n (v\u0259 40 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox uzanmas\u0131n\u0131n) \u0259sas ox\u015far siyasi-iqtisadi k\u00f6kl\u0259ri n\u0259y\u0259 s\u00f6yk\u0259nirdi?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) \u00c7arizmin b\u00f6lg\u0259y\u0259 xammal m\u0259nb\u0259yi kimi baxmas\u0131, yerli \u0259haliy\u0259 (m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara) qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7i diskriminasiya siyas\u0259ti yeritm\u0259si v\u0259 m\u00fclk\u0259darlar\u0131n (sosial daya\u011f\u0131n) maraqlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259ndlil\u0259rd\u0259n qat-qat \u00fcst\u00fcn tutmas\u0131.\",\n      \"B) Az\u0259rbaycan k\u0259ndlil\u0259rinin h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q z\u0259ngin olmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n islahata ehtiyac duymamas\u0131.\",\n      \"C) \u0130slahat\u0131 ke\u00e7ir\u0259n m\u0259murlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 c\u0259suslar\u0131 olmas\u0131.\",\n      \"D) K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 torpaqlar\u0131 zorla m\u00fclk\u0259darlardan alaraq onlara 1\/3 hiss\u0259 bel\u0259 saxlamamas\u0131.\",\n      \"E) Neft s\u0259nayesinin inki\u015faf\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n he\u00e7 kimin torpaq almaq ist\u0259m\u0259m\u0259si.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: \u0130slahat\u0131n \u0259zabl\u0131 ke\u00e7m\u0259sinin s\u0259b\u0259bi \u00e7arizmin m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7ilik (ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik) siyas\u0259ti, m\u00fctl\u0259qiyy\u0259tin yerli dayaqlar\u0131na (m\u00fclk\u0259darlara) g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 getm\u0259si v\u0259 yerli k\u0259ndlinin maraqlar\u0131n\u0131 ayaqlar alt\u0131na almas\u0131 idi.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"25. Eyler-Venn diaqram\u0131 (Sosial Qruplar v\u0259 \u0130dar\u0259etm\u0259):\\n1. F\u0259hl\u0259l\u0259r, s\u0259n\u0259tkarlar, ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti, qad\u0131nlar\\n2. Qafqaz Cani\u015fini\\nIII. K\u0259si\u015fm\u0259\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 \u015e\u0259h\u0259r Dumas\u0131na se\u00e7ki h\u00fcququndan (ya \u0259mlak, ya cinsi, ya da t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259) m\u0259hrum edilmi\u015fdil\u0259r; 2. C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131n m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 idar\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u00fcmumi n\u0259zar\u0259ti h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir v\u0259 hakiml\u0259ri birba\u015fa o t\u0259yin edirdi; III. H\u0259r ikisi XIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda \u00e7arizmin idar\u0259\u00e7ilik mexanizml\u0259rinin f\u0259sadlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 reall\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 (biri h\u00fcquqsuzlu\u011funu, dig\u0259ri is\u0259 m\u00fctl\u0259q hakimiyy\u0259tini) g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n tarixi subyektl\u0259rdir.\",\n      \"B) 1. V\u0259kil kimi i\u015fl\u0259yirdil\u0259r; 2. T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7i t\u0259yin olunurdu; III. H\u0259r ikisi Andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131 idi.\",\n      \"C) 1. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 s\u0259drl\u0259ri idil\u0259r; 2. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u0130dar\u0259sinin s\u0259dri idi; III. H\u0259r ikisi yaln\u0131z rus dilind\u0259 yaz\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.\",\n      \"D) 1. Dumada 50% kvotaya sahib idil\u0259r; 2. Dumaya r\u0259hb\u0259rlik edirdi; III. H\u0259r ikisi k\u0259ndli idi.\",\n      \"E) 1. 5 desyatin torpa\u011fa malik idil\u0259r; 2. 1\/3 torpa\u011f\u0131 k\u0259sirdil\u0259r; III. H\u0259r ikisi b\u0259y z\u00fcmr\u0259sin\u0259 aiddir.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: F\u0259hl\u0259, qad\u0131n, x\u0131rda ziyal\u0131 s\u0259sverm\u0259 h\u00fcququndan m\u0259hrum idi (1). Cani\u015fin is\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 v\u0259 \u00fcmumi idar\u0259etm\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fctl\u0259q n\u0259zar\u0259t\u00e7i idi (2). H\u0259r ikisi \u00e7ar idar\u0259etm\u0259 reall\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 (z\u00fclm v\u0259 a\u011fal\u0131q) \u0259ks etdirir (III).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"26. Uy\u011funlu\u011fu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edin: (M\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 \u0130slahatlar)\\n1. \\\"M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli\\\" m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin 40 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox davam etm\u0259si\\n2. \\\"Andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar\\\" m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin yaranmas\u0131na imkan verilm\u0259m\u0259si\\n3. \u0130dar\u0259 s\u0259dri v\u0259zif\u0259sinin qeyri-xristianlara yasaq edilm\u0259si\\na. 1870-ci il K\u0259ndli islahat\u0131n\u0131n milli-regional m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259ti\\nb. 1866-c\u0131 il M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131n\u0131n milli-regional m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259ti\\nc. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r (Duma) islahat\u0131n\u0131n milli-dini m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259ti\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c\",\n      \"B) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a\",\n      \"C) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b\",\n      \"D) 1-a, 2-c, 3-b\",\n      \"E) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: 40 il \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131q k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131na (1-a), Andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n olmamas\u0131 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131na (2-b), \u0130dar\u0259 s\u0259drinin xristian olmas\u0131 is\u0259 \u015e\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131na (3-c) aid m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tdir.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"27. S\u0259b\u0259b-n\u0259tic\u0259 (Kapitalizm\u0259 ke\u00e7id):\\nS\u0259b\u0259b: 1870-ci il \u018fsasnam\u0259si il\u0259 torpa\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131q alq\u0131-satq\u0131 obyektin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si v\u0259 biyar\u0131n pulla \u0259v\u0259z edilm\u0259si.\\nN\u0259tic\u0259: ?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259ri aras\u0131nda t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259nin s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259si, ortabab k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin pay torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 alaraq qol\u00e7omaqlara, aztorpaql\u0131lar\u0131n is\u0259 muzdurlara \u00e7evrilm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 k\u0259ndd\u0259 kapitalist m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin formala\u015fmas\u0131.\",\n      \"B) K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin m\u00fclk\u0259darla eyni d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 h\u00fcquq qazanaraq qubernator v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 se\u00e7ilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"C) Kapitalizmin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 feodalizmin tam b\u0259rpas\u0131.\",\n      \"D) Torpaqlar\u0131n yaln\u0131z d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunan x\u0259zin\u0259 m\u00fclkiyy\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"E) K\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131nda istehsal\u0131n tamamil\u0259 dayanmas\u0131 v\u0259 s\u0259nayenin \u00e7\u00f6km\u0259si.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Torpa\u011f\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 pullu m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r k\u0259ndlil\u0259r aras\u0131nda t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259ni (qol\u00e7omaq v\u0259 muzdur) g\u00fccl\u0259ndirdi, bu da kapitalizmin k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131na daxil olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas g\u00f6st\u0259ricisidir.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"28. C\u0259dv\u0259l m\u0259ntiqi: \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda burjua islahatlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 (m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7i) x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n h\u00fcquqi faktlar\u0131 se\u00e7in:\\n1. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r dumas\u0131na se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259 g\u0259lir v\u0259 \u0259mlak senzi t\u0259l\u0259b olunmurdu.\\n2. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259ri yerli \u0259halinin dilind\u0259 deyil, yaln\u0131z rus dilind\u0259 apar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.\\n3. K\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 torpaq almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kredit (1913-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r) verilmirdi v\u0259 onlar as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131qda qal\u0131rd\u0131.\\n4. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 s\u0259drl\u0259ri yaln\u0131z m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259halid\u0259n se\u00e7ilirdi.\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 2, 3\",\n      \"B) 1, 4\",\n      \"C) 1, 3\",\n      \"D) 2, 4\",\n      \"E) 1, 2\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: 2-ci (rus dili m\u0259cburiyy\u0259ti) v\u0259 3-c\u00fc (kreditin gecikm\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259biyl\u0259 as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n uzanmas\u0131) faktlar islahatlar\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7i m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259ridir. 1 v\u0259 4 is\u0259 yanl\u0131\u015fd\u0131r (\u0259mlak senzi var idi, hakiml\u0259r m\u00fcs\u0259lman ola bilm\u0259zdi).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"29. Xronoloji ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 qurun:\\n1. Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n m\u0259\u011flub olmas\u0131 v\u0259 sosial ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin k\u0259skinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si\\n2. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fcmumi m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131\\n3. Sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin\u0259 pay torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n almaq h\u00fcququ ver\u0259n \u018fsasnam\u0259nin t\u0259sdiqi\\n4. K\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 torpaq sat\u0131n almalar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Rusiya d\u00f6vl\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flanmas\u0131 q\u0259rar\u0131 (1913)\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1, 2, 3, 4\",\n      \"B) 2, 1, 3, 4\",\n      \"C) 1, 3, 2, 4\",\n      \"D) 3, 2, 1, 4\",\n      \"E) 4, 3, 2, 1\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Kr\u0131m m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259ti (1856-da bitir) (1). M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131 (1866) (2). K\u0259ndli islahat\u0131 (1870) (3). D\u00f6vl\u0259t krediti (maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131) (1913) (4). Ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131q: 1, 2, 3, 4.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"30. Bloksxemi tamamlay\u0131n:\\n*\u00c7arizmin 1866-c\u0131 il m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131*\\n\u2794 *Yerli \u0259halinin hakim olmas\u0131na qoyulan qada\u011fa*\\n\u2794 *M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 karg\u00fczarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131z rus dilind\u0259 apar\u0131lmas\u0131*\\n\u2794 *?*\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Proses i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir-birini ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259m\u0259si v\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7iy\u0259 ehtiyac yaranmas\u0131, bu prosesd\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 x\u0259talar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259txorlu\u011fun h\u00fcquqsuzlu\u011fa (\u0259dal\u0259tsizliy\u0259) s\u0259b\u0259b olmas\u0131.\",\n      \"B) B\u00fct\u00fcn yerli \u0259halinin d\u0259rhal rus dilini \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qalib g\u0259lm\u0259si.\",\n      \"C) C\u0259nubi Qafqazda andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar institutunun ruslar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n d\u0259rhal yarad\u0131lmas\u0131.\",\n      \"D) M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 idar\u0259l\u0259rinin l\u0259\u011fv edil\u0259r\u0259k \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t komit\u0259l\u0259rinin b\u0259rpas\u0131.\",\n      \"E) M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 q\u0259rarlar\u0131n yaln\u0131z Osmanl\u0131 dilind\u0259 elan edilm\u0259si.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin rus dilind\u0259 olmas\u0131 prosesd\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7iy\u0259 ehtiyac yarad\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eahid ifad\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259hrif olunmas\u0131, s\u0259n\u0259d t\u0259l\u0259bi v\u0259 r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259txorluq yerli \u0259halinin k\u00fctl\u0259vi h\u00fcquqsuzlu\u011funa g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131rd\u0131.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"31. Ox\u015far x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r: Az\u0259rbaycanda 1870-ci il k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131 v\u0259 \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u0259sasnam\u0259si islahatlar\u0131nda sosial z\u00fcmr\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda u\u00e7urum yaradan ortaq, \\\"se\u00e7ici\\\" c\u0259h\u0259t n\u0259d\u0259 idi?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) H\u0259r ikisind\u0259 imtiyazlar\u0131n (torpaq v\u0259 ya s\u0259sverm\u0259 h\u00fcququnun) yaln\u0131z \u0259mlakl\u0131, varl\u0131 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 (m\u00fclk\u0259dar, qol\u00e7omaq v\u0259 m\u00fclkiyy\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259) \u015famil edilm\u0259si, yoxsullar\u0131n (muzdur, f\u0259hl\u0259) is\u0259 k\u0259narda qalmas\u0131.\",\n      \"B) H\u0259r ikisind\u0259 qad\u0131nlara tam h\u00fcquq verilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"C) H\u0259r ikisind\u0259 ruslar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fcquqlardan m\u0259hrum edilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"D) H\u0259r ikisind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015flar\u0131n pulsuz torpaq almas\u0131.\",\n      \"E) H\u0259r ikisinin yaln\u0131z h\u0259rbi komendantlar\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: 1870 islahat\u0131 varl\u0131 ortabablar\u0131 (qol\u00e7omaqlar\u0131) g\u00fccl\u0259ndirdi, aztorpaql\u0131lar\u0131 muzdur etdi. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131nda is\u0259 \u0259mlak\/vergi senzi qoyuldu, f\u0259hl\u0259-kas\u0131b s\u0259sverm\u0259d\u0259n k\u0259narda qald\u0131. H\u0259r iki islahat kapitalist-z\u0259ngin z\u00fcmr\u0259y\u0259 yaray\u0131rd\u0131.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"32. Eyler-Venn diaqram\u0131 (\u0130slahatlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqi xarakteri):\\n1. 1870-ci il \\\"K\u0259ndli \u018fsasnam\u0259si\\\"\\n2. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u018fsasnam\u0259si (Duma)\\nIII. K\u0259si\u015fm\u0259\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1. 5 desyatinlik torpaq normas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259nziml\u0259yirdi; 2. 25 ya\u015f v\u0259 vergi senzi il\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259 se\u00e7kil\u0259rini t\u0259nziml\u0259yirdi; III. H\u0259r ikisi \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda burjua islahatlar\u0131 dal\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si kimi m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi add\u0131mlar olsa da, \u00e7arizmin ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 (\u015fovinist) t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rini \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 ehtiva edirdi.\",\n      \"B) 1. C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycanda ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdi; 2. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdi; III. H\u0259r ikisi \u0130ran \u015fah\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259rman\u0131 idi.\",\n      \"C) 1. Yaln\u0131z x\u0259zin\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn idi; 2. Yaln\u0131z k\u0259nd idar\u0259sin\u0259 aid idi; III. H\u0259r ikisi 1913-c\u00fc ild\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv edildi.\",\n      \"D) 1. Biyar\u0131 ikiqat art\u0131rd\u0131; 2. Dumaya m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131 buraxmad\u0131; III. H\u0259r ikisi sosialist xarakterli idi.\",\n      \"E) 1. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri l\u0259\u011fv etdi; 2. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri b\u0259rpa etdi; III. H\u0259r ikisi Andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: K\u0259ndli \u0259sasnam\u0259si (1870) torpaq normas\u0131 (5 desyatin) g\u0259tirdi (1). \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u0259sasnam\u0259si is\u0259 ya\u015f v\u0259 \u0259mlak senzi il\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259 (Duma) qurdu (2). H\u0259r ikisi burjua reformu olsa da, ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik xarakteri da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131 (III).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"33. Uy\u011funlu\u011fu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edin (M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7i detallar):\\n1. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 iclaslar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131q ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si v\u0259 v\u0259kil i\u015ftirak\u0131\\n2. Yerli \u0259halinin hakim t\u0259yin edilm\u0259sin\u0259 qada\u011fa\\n3. Andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar institutunun olmamas\u0131\\na. \u00c7arizmin m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara h\u00fcquqi prosesl\u0259rd\u0259, q\u0259rarverm\u0259d\u0259 i\u015ftirak etm\u0259k imkan\u0131 verm\u0259m\u0259k siyas\u0259ti (institut s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259)\\nb. Rus \u015fovinizminin f\u0259rdl\u0259r\u0259 (az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnaslara) y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f birba\u015fa karyera diskriminasiyas\u0131\\nc. \u0130slahat\u0131n h\u00fcquq m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti bax\u0131m\u0131ndan yegan\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi add\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biri\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a\",\n      \"B) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c\",\n      \"C) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c\",\n      \"D) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b\",\n      \"E) 1-a, 2-c, 3-b\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: A\u00e7\u0131q iclaslar v\u0259 v\u0259kill\u0259r m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi idi (1-c). Yerli \u0259hali hakim ola bilm\u0259zdi, bu karyera ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliyi idi (2-b). Andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n (m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 q\u0259rarlar\u0131na xalq\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259ti) qada\u011fas\u0131 is\u0259 institusional qada\u011fa idi (3-a).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"34. S\u0259b\u0259b-n\u0259tic\u0259 (K\u0259ndli islahat\u0131 probleml\u0259ri):\\nS\u0259b\u0259b: Az\u0259rbaycanda sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin pay torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 bird\u0259f\u0259lik sat\u0131n almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r v\u0259saitinin olmamas\u0131 v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n (1913-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r) bu i\u015fd\u0259 onlara maliyy\u0259 kreditinin (yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n) verilm\u0259m\u0259si.\\nN\u0259tic\u0259: ?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Bu k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin 40 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli\\\" v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 qalmas\u0131, sahibkardan as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n v\u0259 istismar\u0131n uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t davam etm\u0259si.\",\n      \"B) B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin \u00f6z torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 kils\u0259y\u0259 verib k\u0259sbkarl\u0131\u011fa getm\u0259si.\",\n      \"C) H\u00f6kum\u0259tin onlar\u0131 x\u0259zin\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7evir\u0259r\u0259k b\u00fct\u00fcn vergil\u0259rd\u0259n azad etm\u0259si.\",\n      \"D) K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin 1870-ci ild\u0259 Rusiya \u00e7ar\u0131na t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr m\u0259ktubu g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259si.\",\n      \"E) K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin d\u0259rhal fabrikl\u0259rd\u0259 pulsuz i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259lb olunmas\u0131.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Torpa\u011f\u0131 alma\u011fa pulu olmayan v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259td\u0259n k\u00f6m\u0259k almayan az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 k\u0259ndlil\u0259r 40 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli\\\" v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 qald\u0131lar v\u0259 istismar uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t davam etdi.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"35. M\u0259ntiqi tapmaca: M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131 (1866) zaman\u0131 \\\"karg\u00fczarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaln\u0131z rus dilind\u0259 apar\u0131lmas\u0131\\\"n\u0131n \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259txorlu\u011fu art\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n iqtisadi v\u0259 sosial mexanizmi nec\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yirdi?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Dil bilm\u0259y\u0259n k\u0259ndlil\u0259r v\u0259 yerli sakinl\u0259r \u00f6z haql\u0131 iddialar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131rmaq, s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rini r\u0259smil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k v\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri raz\u0131 salmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fl\u0259rd\u0259 r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t verm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olurdular, bu is\u0259 prosesi \u015f\u00fcurlu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yubadan m\u0259murlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u0259lir m\u0259nb\u0259yi idi.\",\n      \"B) Rus dilind\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fan k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fckafat verilirdi dey\u0259, ham\u0131 bir-birin\u0259 r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t t\u0259klif edirdi.\",\n      \"C) Hakiml\u0259r yaln\u0131z q\u0131z\u0131l pullar\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131qlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn karg\u00fczarl\u0131q tamamil\u0259 dayanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\",\n      \"D) R\u00fc\u015fv\u0259txorluq qanunla r\u0259smil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f v\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 r\u00fcsumu kimi b\u00fcdc\u0259y\u0259 daxil edilmi\u015fdi.\",\n      \"E) T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r \u0259haliy\u0259 r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t ver\u0259r\u0259k m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259l\u0259rini xahi\u015f edirdil\u0259r.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Yerli \u0259hali rus dilini bilm\u0259diyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si v\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rin s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn rus dilli m\u0259murlara v\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi sur\u0259td\u0259 r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t verirdi ki, bu da haqs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259mur \u00f6zba\u015f\u0131nal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"36. Xronoloji ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131qla ba\u015f vermi\u015f islahat n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini d\u00fcz\u00fcn:\\n1. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 prosesl\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259kil kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n ilk milli kadrlar\u0131n (F.Xoyski, \u018f.Top\u00e7uba\u015fov) formala\u015fmas\u0131 (1866 sonras\u0131 t\u0259hsil n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259)\\n2. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r dumalar\u0131na se\u00e7kil\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015ftirak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni \u0259mlak senzl\u0259rinin t\u0259tbiqi (\u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u0259sasnam\u0259si)\\n3. \\\"M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli\\\" as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n M\u0259rk\u0259zi Rusiyada ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (1880-ci ill\u0259r)\\n4. M\u0259rk\u0259zi Rusiyada m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259td\u0259n sonra feodal-t\u0259hkim\u00e7ilik b\u00f6hran\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rk edilm\u0259si\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 4, 1, 3, 2\",\n      \"B) 4, 1, 2, 3\",\n      \"C) 1, 4, 3, 2\",\n      \"D) 4, 3, 1, 2\",\n      \"E) 1, 2, 3, 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 1,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Kr\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra b\u00f6hran d\u0259rk edildi (1850-l\u0259r) (4). M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131 (1866) v\u0259 sonrak\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259kill\u0259r formala\u015fd\u0131 (1). Rusiyada as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131q bitdi (1880-l\u0259r) (3). \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u0259sasnam\u0259si islahat\u0131 da bu prosesl\u0259r d\u00f6n\u0259min\u0259 aiddir, xronoloji ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131qda 1878 (Qafqaz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn) q\u0259bul ets\u0259k, 1-d\u0259n sonra, 3-d\u0259n is\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259l v\u0259 ya paralel gedir. \u018fn do\u011fru xronologiya 4 (50-l\u0259r), 1 (1866 sonras\u0131), 2 (1878-l\u0259r), 3 (80-l\u0259r). Variantlarda 4,1,2,3 \u0259n m\u0259ntiqlisidir. (M\u0259n izahda d\u00fcz\u0259ltdim: 4, 1, 2, 3). *D\u00fcz\u0259li\u015f* : \u018fg\u0259r Rusiyada 80-l\u0259r, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131 Qafqazda 1878-dirs\u0259, 4 (1856), 1 (1866+), 2 (1878), 3 (1880-l\u0259r). Cavab B) 4, 1, 2, 3. G\u0259lin cavab\u0131 B ed\u0259k.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"37. C\u0259dv\u0259l sual\u0131. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcidar\u0259 orqan\u0131n\u0131n (\u015e\u0259h\u0259r Dumas\u0131) qanunvericilik m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lardan hans\u0131 yer al\u0131rd\u0131?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Duman\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259ri (\u0130dar\u0259 s\u0259dri) xristian olmal\u0131 v\u0259 \u00fczvl\u0259rinin yaln\u0131z 50%-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259ri m\u00fcs\u0259lman ola bil\u0259rdi.\",\n      \"B) Duma yaln\u0131z k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmal\u0131 idi.\",\n      \"C) Duma \u00fczvl\u0259rinin ham\u0131s\u0131 f\u0259hl\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 qad\u0131nlardan se\u00e7ilm\u0259li idi.\",\n      \"D) Duman\u0131n q\u0259rarlar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 sultan\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259sdiq edilm\u0259li idi.\",\n      \"E) Dumada ruslar\u0131n t\u0259msil olunmas\u0131 q\u0259ti qada\u011fan idi.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u0259sasnam\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Duma \u00fczvl\u0259rinin yaln\u0131z 50%-i m\u00fcs\u0259lman ola bil\u0259rdi v\u0259 icraedici orqan olan \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u0130dar\u0259sinin s\u0259dri m\u00fctl\u0259q xristian olmal\u0131 idi.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"38. S\u0259b\u0259b-n\u0259tic\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259si:\\nS\u0259b\u0259b: 1870-ci il islahat\u0131 il\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131, m\u00fcnbit pay torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n 1\/3-nin m\u00fclk\u0259darlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n k\u0259silib m\u00fcsadir\u0259 edilm\u0259si.\\nN\u0259tic\u0259: ?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Torpaq \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ucbat\u0131ndan m\u00fcflisl\u0259\u015f\u0259n aztorpaql\u0131 k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin m\u00fclk\u0259dar v\u0259 qol\u00e7omaq t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131nda muzdur (muzdlu i\u015f\u00e7i) kimi i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olmas\u0131.\",\n      \"B) B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin d\u0259rhal neft m\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259rin\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259r t\u0259yin olunmas\u0131.\",\n      \"C) K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin torpa\u011f\u0131 t\u0259rk ed\u0259r\u0259k k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u00fchacir\u0259t\u0259 getm\u0259si v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259rin bo\u015falmas\u0131.\",\n      \"D) M\u00fclk\u0259darlar\u0131n k\u0259sdikl\u0259ri torpaqlar\u0131 d\u0259rhal sat\u0131b Qafqaz\u0131 t\u0259rk etm\u0259si.\",\n      \"E) K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259t\\\"d\u0259n r\u0259sm\u0259n imtina edib rus kils\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmas\u0131.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: 1\/3 k\u0259sik torpaqlar \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 torpaqlar idi. Bunu itir\u0259n k\u0259ndlil\u0259r torpaqs\u0131zla\u015f\u0131r v\u0259 ya\u015famaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qol\u00e7omaq\/m\u00fclk\u0259dar t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131nda muzdlu i\u015f\u00e7i kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u011fa (muzdur olma\u011fa) m\u0259cbur qal\u0131rd\u0131lar.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"39. Ox\u015far c\u0259h\u0259t: XIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda formala\u015fan Qol\u00e7omaqlar v\u0259 Milli Burjuaziya (\u015f\u0259h\u0259r kapitalistl\u0259ri) sinifl\u0259rinin iqtisadi t\u0259kam\u00fcld\u0259ki ox\u015far tarixi rolu n\u0259 idi?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) H\u0259r ikisinin kapitalist istehsal (v\u0259 ya \u0259mt\u0259\u0259-pul) m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hsulu olaraq (biri k\u0259ndd\u0259, dig\u0259ri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259) t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tapmas\u0131 v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n (muzdur\/f\u0259hl\u0259) \u0259m\u0259yini istismar etm\u0259si.\",\n      \"B) H\u0259r ikisinin yaln\u0131z feodal t\u0259hkim\u00e7iliyi \u0259sas\u0131nda yaranmas\u0131.\",\n      \"C) H\u0259r ikisinin d\u00f6vl\u0259t k\u0259ndlisi stasusunda olmas\u0131.\",\n      \"D) H\u0259r ikisinin m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131 il\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv edilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"E) H\u0259r ikisinin Rusiyadan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bid\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunmas\u0131.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Qol\u00e7omaqlar k\u0259ndd\u0259 kapitalizmin inki\u015faf\u0131, Milli Burjuaziya is\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 (s\u0259nayed\u0259) kapitalizmin inki\u015faf\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015f istismar\u00e7\u0131, z\u0259ngin t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r idi.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"40. Eyler-Venn diaqram\u0131 (\u0130slahatlar\u0131n t\u0259tbiq areal\u0131):\\n1. 1870-ci il K\u0259ndli islahat\u0131\\n2. XIX \u0259srin 60-70-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259ki Burjua islahatlar\u0131 (\u00fcmumi)\\nIII. K\u0259si\u015fm\u0259\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1. Yaln\u0131z sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin\u0259 aid idi; 2. Rusiyadak\u0131 gecikm\u0259 il\u0259 v\u0259 daha m\u0259hdud formada \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycana t\u0259tbiq edildi; III. Kapitalist istehsal\u0131na ke\u00e7id\u0259 (t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259, s\u0259rb\u0259st h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259) \u015f\u0259rait yaratd\u0131.\",\n      \"B) 1. B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0259ndlil\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 edirdi; 2. Yaln\u0131z M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiyada oldu; III. H\u0259r ikisi tam b\u0259rab\u0259rlik g\u0259tirdi.\",\n      \"C) 1. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 iclaslar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131q elan etdi; 2. Biyar\u0131 l\u0259\u011fv etdi; III. H\u0259r ikisi sosializmin t\u0259m\u0259li oldu.\",\n      \"D) 1. X\u0259zin\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259rini azad etdi; 2. Rus k\u0259ndlil\u0259rini qovdu; III. H\u0259r ikisini Z\u0259rdabi haz\u0131rlad\u0131.\",\n      \"E) 1. Se\u00e7ki h\u00fcququ verdi; 2. V\u0259kill\u0259ri l\u0259\u011fv etdi; III. H\u0259r ikisi qad\u0131nlara aid idi.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: 1870 islahat\u0131 yaln\u0131z sahibkar k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin\u0259 aid idi (1). \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 burjua islahatlar\u0131 Rusiyadan gec v\u0259 m\u0259hdud formada Az\u0259rbaycana g\u0259ldi (2). Lakin h\u0259r ikisi\/ham\u0131s\u0131 (III) kapitalizm\u0259 ke\u00e7idi t\u0259min etdi.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"41. Bloksxemd\u0259ki m\u0259ntiqi bo\u015flu\u011fu tap\u0131n:\\n*1866-c\u0131 il islahat\u0131 il\u0259 hakiml\u0259rin se\u00e7kili olmamas\u0131 v\u0259 Qafqaz cani\u015fini t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259yin edilm\u0259si*\\n\u2794 *Yerli az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n hakim t\u0259yin edilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u015fovinist qada\u011fa*\\n\u2794 *?*\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fov v\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li xan Xoyski kimi ixtisasl\u0131 milli kadrlar\u0131n \u0259dal\u0259t axtar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z \\\"v\u0259killik\\\" institutu \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olmalar\u0131.\",\n      \"B) B\u00fct\u00fcn yerli \u0259halinin d\u0259rhal cani\u015finliyi devirm\u0259si.\",\n      \"C) Hakiml\u0259rin Avropadan d\u0259v\u0259t edilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"D) C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rin k\u00f6m\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.\",\n      \"E) M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 idar\u0259l\u0259rinin l\u0259\u011fv edil\u0259r\u0259k c\u0259zalar\u0131n kils\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n verilm\u0259si.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Yerli \u0259hali hakim ola bilm\u0259diyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, Rusiya universitetl\u0259rind\u0259 h\u00fcquq oxuyan az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 g\u0259ncl\u0259r m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 sistemind\u0259 yaln\u0131z v\u0259kil (m\u00fcdafi\u0259\u00e7i) kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaq m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 qal\u0131r v\u0259 bu yolla xalq\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edirdil\u0259r.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"42. M\u0259ntiqi z\u0259ncir:\\n*Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 (1853-1856) m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t*\\n\u2794 *Rusiyan\u0131n Avropadan h\u0259rbi-texniki geri qalmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259sdiqi*\\n\u2794 *S\u0259nayenin azad i\u015f\u00e7i q\u00fcvv\u0259sin\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131*\\n\u2794 *?*\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) \u0130mperiya boyu (v\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259) feodal-t\u0259hkim\u00e7ilik sisteminin b\u00f6hran\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rk edilm\u0259si v\u0259 kapitalizm\u0259 xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n burjua islahatlar\u0131n\u0131n (k\u0259ndli, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r) m\u0259cburi h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"B) B\u00fct\u00fcn Rusiyan\u0131n d\u0259rhal sosializm\u0259 ke\u00e7id elan etm\u0259si.\",\n      \"C) \u00c7ar ordusunun tamamil\u0259 burax\u0131l\u0131b, muzdlu Avropa ordusunun qurulmas\u0131.\",\n      \"D) \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda s\u0259nayenin d\u0259rhal dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 aqrar d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7id.\",\n      \"E) \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259nin \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 r\u0259sm\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal etm\u0259si.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Kr\u0131m m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259ti Rusiyan\u0131 feodalizmin (icbari \u0259m\u0259yin) tormozlay\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc oldu\u011funu anlama\u011fa v\u0259 inki\u015faf \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn burjua islahatlar\u0131na ke\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 (k\u0259ndli, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi islahatlar\u0131na) m\u0259cbur etdi.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"43. Xronoloji ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131q:\\n1. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda (C\u0259nubi Qafqazda) m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 yerli \u0259halinin i\u015ftirak\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259y\u0259n m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f sistemin t\u0259tbiqi (1866)\\n2. Rusiyada feodal as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n simvolu olan \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259t\\\"in sonu\\n3. Az\u0259rbaycan k\u0259ndind\u0259 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259ni (kapitalizmi) r\u0259smil\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n \\\"1870-ci il \u018fsasnam\u0259si\\\"\\n4. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u0259sasnam\u0259sinin t\u0259tbiqi il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan burjuaziyas\u0131n\u0131n (k\u0131smen) b\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259 idar\u0259\u00e7iliyin\u0259 qat\u0131lmas\u0131\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1, 3, 4, 2\",\n      \"B) 1, 4, 3, 2\",\n      \"C) 3, 1, 2, 4\",\n      \"D) 1, 2, 3, 4\",\n      \"E) 4, 3, 2, 1\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131 (1866) (1). K\u0259ndli islahat\u0131 (1870) (3). \u015e\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131 (1878) (4). Rusiyada as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bitm\u0259si (1880-l\u0259r) (2). Ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131q: 1, 3, 4, 2.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"44. C\u0259dv\u0259l sual\u0131. 1870-ci il islahat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 \\\"M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli\\\" m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin yaranma s\u0259b\u0259bini v\u0259 mahiyy\u0259tini d\u00fczg\u00fcn ifad\u0259 ed\u0259n b\u0259ndi tap\u0131n.\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) S\u0259b\u0259b: D\u00f6vl\u0259tin maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131 ay\u0131rmamas\u0131 v\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin maddi imkans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Mahiyy\u0259t: Torpa\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131n ala bilm\u0259y\u0259n k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin m\u00fclk\u0259dar as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda qal\u0131b vergi (m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259t) \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 davam etm\u0259si.\",\n      \"B) S\u0259b\u0259b: K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin torpaq almaq ist\u0259m\u0259m\u0259si. Mahiyy\u0259t: B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin fabrikl\u0259r\u0259 getm\u0259si.\",\n      \"C) S\u0259b\u0259b: M\u00fclk\u0259darlar\u0131n torpaq satmaqdan q\u0259ti imtina etm\u0259si. Mahiyy\u0259t: K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin zorla torpaqlar\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal etm\u0259si.\",\n      \"D) S\u0259b\u0259b: \u00c7ar\u0131n torpaq sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 qada\u011fan etm\u0259si. Mahiyy\u0259t: Torpaqlar\u0131n kils\u0259y\u0259 verilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"E) S\u0259b\u0259b: Kreditl\u0259rin \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k olmas\u0131. Mahiyy\u0259t: B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin bankir\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: \u0130slahat k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 torpa\u011f\u0131 almaq h\u00fcququ verirdi. Amma d\u00f6vl\u0259t krediti yox idi, k\u0259ndlinin pulu \u00e7atm\u0131rd\u0131 dey\u0259 torpa\u011f\u0131 ala bilmir, al\u0131rana q\u0259d\u0259r \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli\\\" qal\u0131b as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 davam etdirirdi.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"45. S\u0259b\u0259b-n\u0259tic\u0259 (T\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259):\\nS\u0259b\u0259b: 1870-ci il islahat\u0131 il\u0259 torpa\u011f\u0131n alq\u0131-satq\u0131 obyektin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si v\u0259 1\/3 k\u0259sik h\u00fcququ il\u0259 aztorpaql\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131.\\nN\u0259tic\u0259: ?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Ortabab k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin pay torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n alaraq qol\u00e7omaqlara, aztorpaql\u0131lar\u0131n is\u0259 bu t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlarda muzdlu i\u015f\u00e7i kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan muzdurlara \u00e7evrilm\u0259si, bel\u0259likl\u0259 k\u0259ndd\u0259 kapitalizmin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131n qoyulmas\u0131.\",\n      \"B) K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclk\u0259dar kimi tan\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 \\\"ali m\u00fcs\u0259lman silki\\\"n\u0259 qat\u0131lmas\u0131.\",\n      \"C) B\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fclk\u0259dar t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rhal da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 iflasa u\u011framas\u0131.\",\n      \"D) K\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259kin\u00e7iliyin l\u0259\u011fv edilib ancaq heyvandarl\u0131\u011fa ke\u00e7ilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"E) Muzdurlar\u0131n d\u0259rhal \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcb \u015e\u0259h\u0259r dumas\u0131na se\u00e7ilm\u0259si.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: \u0130slahat\u0131n kapitalist xarakteri m\u0259hz torpa\u011f\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 varl\u0131 (qol\u00e7omaq) v\u0259 yoxsul\/i\u015f\u00e7i (muzdur) t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rinin yaranmas\u0131 il\u0259 k\u0259ndd\u0259 yeni sosial m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin formala\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"46. Eyler-Venn diaqram\u0131 (\u0130dar\u0259\u00e7ilik sisteml\u0259ri):\\n1. H\u0259rbi komendant \u00fcsulu (1840-a q\u0259d\u0259r)\\n2. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r Dumas\u0131 v\u0259 \u0130dar\u0259si (\u015e\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131ndan sonra)\\nIII. K\u0259si\u015fm\u0259\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 1. \u015e\u0259h\u0259ri h\u0259rbi zabitl\u0259r z\u00fclml\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f qanunsuzluqla idar\u0259 edirdi; 2. \u015e\u0259h\u0259ri vergi \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259n v\u0259 \u0259mlak\u0131 olan t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259nin se\u00e7diyi, abadl\u0131q\/t\u0259hsil i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 baxan, lakin milli limitli qurum idar\u0259 edirdi; III. H\u0259r ikisi Rusiya imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 iqtisadi v\u0259 siyasi reall\u0131qlar\u0131na (d\u00f6vrl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259) xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n, f\u0259hl\u0259 v\u0259 k\u0259ndlini idar\u0259\u00e7ilikd\u0259n k\u0259nar saxlayan sisteml\u0259r idi.\",\n      \"B) 1. M\u00fcs\u0259lman s\u0259drl\u0259r var idi; 2. Xristian s\u0259drl\u0259r var idi; III. H\u0259r ikisini xalq \u00f6z\u00fc se\u00e7irdi.\",\n      \"C) 1. Se\u00e7kili idar\u0259etm\u0259 idi; 2. T\u0259yinatl\u0131 idar\u0259etm\u0259 idi; III. H\u0259r ikisi k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 xidm\u0259t edirdi.\",\n      \"D) 1. M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259m verirdi; 2. Yaln\u0131z h\u0259rbiy\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259m verirdi; III. H\u0259r ikisi M\u0259\u015frut\u0259 inqilab\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 idi.\",\n      \"E) 1. Zaqatala \u00fcsyan\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131rd\u0131; 2. Quba \u00fcsyan\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131rd\u0131; III. H\u0259r ikisi 1870-d\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv edildi.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: Komendant h\u0259rbi istismar rejimi idi (1). \u015e\u0259h\u0259r Dumas\u0131 is\u0259 m\u0259hdud da olsa se\u00e7kili, abadl\u0131qla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan burjua orqan\u0131 idi (2). Lakin h\u0259r ikisi \u00e7arizmin m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259 reall\u0131qlar\u0131na uy\u011fun olub, sad\u0259 xalq\u0131 idar\u0259etm\u0259d\u0259n k\u0259nar tuturdu (III).\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"47. Ox\u015far x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r: F\u0259t\u0259li xan Xoyski v\u0259 \u018flim\u0259rdan b\u0259y Top\u00e7uba\u015fovun XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131nda ictimai-h\u00fcquqi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259ki ortaq c\u0259h\u0259t n\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) H\u0259r ikisinin M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131ndan (v\u0259kil institutundan) istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k Rusiya universitetl\u0259rind\u0259 ald\u0131qlar\u0131 h\u00fcquq t\u0259hsili say\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rini \u015f\u0259r v\u0259 haqs\u0131zl\u0131qdan qoruyan pe\u015f\u0259kar v\u0259kil kimi ad qazanmas\u0131.\",\n      \"B) H\u0259r ikisinin Qafqaz\u0131n ba\u015f komendant\u0131 olmas\u0131.\",\n      \"C) H\u0259r ikisinin \u015e\u0259h\u0259r Dumas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259dri v\u0259zif\u0259sind\u0259 (xristian m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tini q\u0131raraq) f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259si.\",\n      \"D) H\u0259r ikisinin 1870-ci il islahat\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llifi olmas\u0131.\",\n      \"E) H\u0259r ikisinin M\u0259rk\u0259zi Rusiyada andl\u0131 iclas\u00e7\u0131 kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: H\u0259r iki \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t Rusiya universitetl\u0259rind\u0259 h\u00fcquq oxumu\u015f v\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259kar v\u0259kil kimi m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131 qoruyaraq b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259t qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"48. S\u0259b\u0259b-n\u0259tic\u0259 (\u015e\u0259h\u0259r islahat\u0131nda M\u00fcs\u0259lman limiti):\\nS\u0259b\u0259b: \u015e\u0259h\u0259r Dumas\u0131na se\u00e7il\u0259nl\u0259rin yaln\u0131z 50 faizinin m\u00fcs\u0259lman ola bil\u0259c\u0259yi bar\u0259d\u0259 qada\u011fa v\u0259 icraedici orqan\u0131n s\u0259drinin xristian olmas\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259bi.\\nN\u0259tic\u0259: ?\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Bak\u0131 kimi m\u00fch\u00fcm \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan milli burjuaziyas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r idar\u0259\u00e7iliyind\u0259ki q\u0259rarlar\u0131na \u0259ng\u0259l olmaq, iqtisadi v\u0259 siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn tamamil\u0259 yerli m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq.\",\n      \"B) M\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n d\u0259rhal xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul ed\u0259r\u0259k Dumaya girm\u0259si.\",\n      \"C) \u015e\u0259h\u0259r idar\u0259sinin tamamil\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv edilib yerin\u0259 x\u0259fiyy\u0259 idar\u0259sinin qurulmas\u0131.\",\n      \"D) Dumada yaln\u0131z rus dilinin istifad\u0259sin\u0259 qada\u011fa qoyulmas\u0131.\",\n      \"E) \\\"M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli\\\" k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin s\u0259sverm\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259lb olunmas\u0131.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: \u00c7arizm dini-milli diskriminasiya il\u0259 (50% limiti v\u0259 s\u0259drlik qada\u011fas\u0131 il\u0259) s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015f\u0259n v\u0259 inki\u015faf ed\u0259n milli Az\u0259rbaycan burjuaziyas\u0131n\u0131n Bak\u0131 kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin idar\u0259\u00e7iliyini tamamil\u0259 \u0259l\u0259 almas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 alma\u011f\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259yirdi.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"49. M\u0259ntiqi z\u0259ncir:\\n*5 desyatinlik norman\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi*\\n\u2794 *M\u00fclk\u0259dara art\u0131q torpaqlar\u0131n 1\/3-ni k\u0259sm\u0259k h\u00fcququnun verilm\u0259si*\\n\u2794 *Sahibkarlar\u0131n \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 torpaqlar\u0131 \u00f6z m\u00fclkiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 saxlamalar\u0131*\\n\u2794 *?*\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) Aztorpaql\u0131 k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 artmas\u0131, k\u0259ndd\u0259ki aqrar problemin daha da k\u0259skinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si v\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin muzdura \u00e7evrilm\u0259si prosesinin d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si.\",\n      \"B) B\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fclk\u0259dar torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t x\u0259zin\u0259sin\u0259 daxil olmas\u0131.\",\n      \"C) K\u0259nd icmas\u0131n\u0131n tamamil\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil orqana \u00e7evrilm\u0259si.\",\n      \"D) K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin torpaq vergisind\u0259n (biyardan) d\u0259rhal imtina etm\u0259si.\",\n      \"E) K\u0259ndlil\u0259rin torpaqlar\u0131 asanl\u0131qla sat\u0131n alaraq ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n qol\u00e7omaq olmas\u0131.\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: 1\/3 k\u0259sik torpaq h\u00fcququ m\u00fclk\u0259dara \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 torpaqlar\u0131 saxlamaq imkan\u0131 verdi, bu da k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 aztorpaql\u0131 qalmas\u0131na, aqrar problemin k\u0259skinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 muzdlu \u0259m\u0259yin (muzdurlar\u0131n) artmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"q\": \"50. Xronoloji ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131q:\\n1. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda (C\u0259nubi Qafqazda) m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 yerli ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri r\u0259dd ed\u0259n \u00fcmumi m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 sisteminin f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flamas\u0131 (1866)\\n2. \u00c7ar m\u0259murlar\u0131n\u0131n etiraflar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r formas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259tbiq edildiyi \\\"1870-ci il \u018fsasnam\u0259si\\\"nin imzalanmas\u0131\\n3. \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 torpaq almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259hay\u0259t ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259t maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flanmas\u0131 (1913)\\n4. M\u0259rk\u0259zi Rusiyada k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi il\u0259 \\\"m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti m\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli\\\" m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin (sonradan 80-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 bit\u0259c\u0259k) ba\u015flanmas\u0131 (1861)\",\n    \"options\": [\n      \"A) 4, 1, 2, 3\",\n      \"B) 4, 1, 3, 2\",\n      \"C) 1, 4, 2, 3\",\n      \"D) 4, 2, 1, 3\",\n      \"E) 1, 2, 3, 4\"\n    ],\n    \"correct\": 0,\n    \"exp\": \"\u0130zah: M\u0259rk\u0259zi Rusiyada k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131 (1861) (4). M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 islahat\u0131 (1866) (1). \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda k\u0259ndli islahat\u0131 (1870) (2). Az\u0259rbaycanda d\u00f6vl\u0259t maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flanmas\u0131 (1913) (3). Ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131q: 4, 1, 2, 3.\"\n  }\n];\n\n\nlet currentIdx = 0;\nlet userAnswers = {};\nlet viewed = {0: true};\nlet isFinished = false;\n\nfunction initQuiz() {\n    const scale = document.getElementById('quiz-scale');\n    quizData.forEach((_, index) => {\n        const btn = document.createElement('button');\n        btn.className = 'scale-btn';\n        btn.innerText = index + 1;\n        btn.onclick = () => jumpToQuestion(index);\n        btn.id = `scale-btn-${index}`;\n        scale.appendChild(btn);\n    });\n    renderQuestion();\n}\n\nfunction updateScaleColors() {\n    quizData.forEach((_, index) => {\n        const btn = document.getElementById(`scale-btn-${index}`);\n        \n        \/\/ B\u00fct\u00fcn r\u0259ng klasslar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259mizl\u0259yirik\n        btn.classList.remove('active', 'viewed', 'answered', 'correct-ans', 'wrong-ans');\n        \n        if (isFinished) {\n            \/\/ \u0130MTAHAN B\u0130TD\u0130KD\u018fN SONRAK\u0130 M\u018fNT\u0130Q\n            if (userAnswers[index] === quizData[index].correct) {\n                btn.classList.add('correct-ans'); \/\/ D\u00fczl\u0259r ya\u015f\u0131l\n            } else {\n                btn.classList.add('wrong-ans'); \/\/ S\u0259hvl\u0259r v\u0259 bo\u015f burax\u0131lanlar q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131\n            }\n        } else {\n            \/\/ \u0130MTAHAN GED\u018fN ZAMAN M\u018fNT\u0130Q\n            if (userAnswers[index] !== undefined) {\n                btn.classList.add('answered'); \/\/ H\u0259r hans\u0131 cavab se\u00e7ilibs\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131l\n            } else if (viewed[index]) {\n                btn.classList.add('viewed'); \/\/ Bax\u0131l\u0131b amma se\u00e7ilm\u0259yibs\u0259 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131\n            }\n        }\n\n        if (index === currentIdx) {\n            btn.classList.add('active'); \/\/ Haz\u0131rda bax\u0131lan sual\u0131n \u0259traf\u0131ndak\u0131 ha\u015fiy\u0259\n        }\n    });\n}\n\nfunction renderQuestion() {\n    const q = quizData[currentIdx];\n    document.getElementById('question-text').innerText = q.q;\n    const optionsContainer = document.getElementById('options-container');\n    optionsContainer.innerHTML = '';\n    \n    q.options.forEach((opt, idx) => {\n        const label = document.createElement('label');\n        label.className = 'option-label';\n        if (userAnswers[currentIdx] === idx) label.classList.add('selected');\n        \n        if (isFinished) {\n            if (idx === q.correct) label.classList.add('correct');\n            if (userAnswers[currentIdx] === idx && idx !== q.correct) label.classList.add('wrong');\n            label.style.pointerEvents = 'none';\n        }\n\n        const input = document.createElement('input');\n        input.type = 'radio';\n        input.name = 'q-option';\n        input.value = idx;\n        if (userAnswers[currentIdx] === idx) input.checked = true;\n        if (!isFinished) {\n            input.onchange = () => selectOption(idx);\n        } else {\n            input.disabled = true;\n        }\n        \n        label.appendChild(input);\n        label.appendChild(document.createTextNode(opt));\n        optionsContainer.appendChild(label);\n    });\n\n    const expContainer = document.getElementById('explanation-container');\n    if (isFinished) {\n        expContainer.style.display = 'block';\n        expContainer.innerHTML = `<strong>\u0130zah:<\/strong> ${q.exp}`;\n    } else {\n        expContainer.style.display = 'none';\n    }\n\n    document.getElementById('btn-prev').disabled = currentIdx === 0;\n    \n    if (currentIdx === quizData.length - 1 && !isFinished) {\n        document.getElementById('btn-next').style.display = 'none';\n        document.getElementById('btn-finish').style.display = 'inline-block';\n    } else {\n        document.getElementById('btn-next').style.display = 'inline-block';\n        document.getElementById('btn-finish').style.display = 'none';\n    }\n    \n    if (currentIdx === quizData.length - 1 && isFinished) {\n        document.getElementById('btn-next').disabled = true;\n    } else {\n        document.getElementById('btn-next').disabled = false;\n    }\n\n    updateScaleColors();\n}\n\nfunction selectOption(idx) {\n    if (isFinished) return;\n    userAnswers[currentIdx] = idx;\n    renderQuestion();\n}\n\nfunction nextQuestion() {\n    if (currentIdx < quizData.length - 1) {\n        currentIdx++;\n        viewed[currentIdx] = true;\n        renderQuestion();\n    }\n}\n\nfunction prevQuestion() {\n    if (currentIdx > 0) {\n        currentIdx--;\n        viewed[currentIdx] = true;\n        renderQuestion();\n    }\n}\n\nfunction jumpToQuestion(idx) {\n    currentIdx = idx;\n    viewed[currentIdx] = true;\n    renderQuestion();\n}\n\nfunction finishQuiz() {\n    isFinished = true;\n    let score = 0;\n    quizData.forEach((q, idx) => {\n        if (userAnswers[idx] === q.correct) score++;\n    });\n    \n    \/\/ \u0130mtahan bit\u0259n kimi \u015fkalan\u0131 d\u00fcz\/s\u0259hv\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 r\u0259ngl\u0259yirik\n    updateScaleColors(); \n    \n    document.getElementById('quiz-content').style.display = 'none';\n    document.getElementById('quiz-results').style.display = 'block';\n    document.getElementById('score-text').innerText = `${score}\/${quizData.length}`;\n    \n    document.getElementById('btn-finish').style.display = 'none';\n    \n    \/\/ N\u0259tic\u0259ni n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 3 saniy\u0259 sonra ilk suala qay\u0131d\u0131r\u0131q\n    setTimeout(() => {\n        document.getElementById('quiz-content').style.display = 'block';\n        currentIdx = 0;\n        renderQuestion();\n    }, 3000);\n}\n\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initQuiz);\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>YEN\u0130 Tarix f\u0259nni \u00fczr\u0259 elektron resurslar toplusu istifad\u0259nizd\u0259dir. \u018ftrafl\u0131 tan\u0131\u015f ol \u00dcmumi S\u0131naq \u0130mtahan\u0131 \u0130mtahan N\u0259tic\u0259si 0\/0 Yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 \u015fkaladan suallar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 klikl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k d\u00fczg\u00fcn cavablara v\u0259 izahlara baxa bil\u0259rsiniz. \u2190 Geri \u0130r\u0259li \u2192 N\u0259tic\u0259ni G\u00f6st\u0259r M\u00fc\u0259llif: R\u0259sul Mirz\u0259yev Bu tipd\u0259 olan 30 \u0259d\u0259d premium s\u0131naqlar\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn klik edin. WhatsApp qrupumuza qo\u015fulmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn klik edin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-628","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xronos.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xronos.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xronos.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xronos.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xronos.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=628"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/xronos.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/628\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":629,"href":"https:\/\/xronos.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/628\/revisions\/629"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xronos.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}